RFID Key Fobs for Access Control: A Buyer's Guide to Mitundu, Kugwirizana, Chitetezo, ndi OEM Sourcing

RFID key fob ndi chizindikiro chaching'ono chopanda kulumikizana chomwe chimanyamula chip ndi mlongoti ndikuzindikiritsa wogwiritsa ntchito kwa owerenga popanda kukhudza. Zambiri ndizosavuta. Chomwe chimapangitsa ogula ambiri ndi chilichonse chomwe chili pansi pake: kaya fob idzalankhula ndi owerenga omwe ali ndi khoma, ngati chip chikhoza kukana chipangizo chopangira € 30, komanso ngati wogulitsa akhoza kuyika mayunitsi 5,000 molondola asanatumize. Bukuli lalembedwera anthu omwe zisankhozo - IT ndi mamenejala a malo omwe akuwongolera, ndi magulu ogula zinthu omwe amapeza ma key fobs a RFID mu kuchuluka kwake.

Cholakwika chimodzi chokwera mtengo kwambiri mgululi ndikuyitanitsa pafupipafupi kokha. Kubwereza ndikofunikira koma kosakwanira. M'munsimu, kugwirizanitsa, chitetezo, ndi kufufuza kumatengedwa ngati zisankho zitatu zomwe zimatsimikizira ngati kutumiza kumagwira ntchito - komanso motsatira ndondomeko ya chiopsezo.

Momwe RFID Key Fob Imagwirira Ntchito (ndi Chifukwa Chake Ndikofunikira Kugula)

Fob yopanda batire ilibe batire. Ikalowa m'munda wa owerenga, mlongoti umakolola mphamvu kuchokera m'mundamo, kudzutsa chip, ndipo chip imayankhanso. Mu dongosolo loyambira yankho limangokhala chizindikiritso chokhazikika; m'dongosolo lotetezeka fob ndi owerenga amalumikizana ndi manja achinsinsi asanasinthidwe chilichonse chovuta. Woyang'anira kumbuyo kwa owerenga amayang'ana chizindikiritsocho motsutsana ndi malamulo ake olowera ndikutsegula chitseko - kapena kulemba kukana.

Zotsatira ziwiri zogwira ntchito zimagwera mu izi. Choyamba, chifukwa ma fobs amapeza mphamvu kuchokera kwa owerenga, amatha kupitilira zaka khumi popanda kukonza, ndichifukwa chake pafupifupi ma tag onse omanga amawagwiritsa ntchito m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito ma tag a batri{1}}. Chachiwiri, kusiyana pakati pa "fob sends number" ndi "fob imatsimikizira kuti ndi ndani" ndi nkhani yonse yachitetezo - ndipo zimaganiziridwa pamlingo wa chip, musanaganize za nyumba kapena chizindikiro. Ngati mukufuna fiziki mozama, onani kusokonezeka ukumomwe ma RFID key fobs amagwirira ntchito pakuwongolera mwayi.

Nthawi zambiri ndi Mtundu wa Chip: Chisankho Chogwirizana

Pali magulu atatu a frequency, ndipo samalumikizana. Wowerenga 125 kHz sangathe kuwerenga fob ya 13.56 MHz, ndi mosemphanitsa. Mu gulu lirilonse, banja la chip ndi kulumikizana mulingo wocheperako kupitilira.

125 kHz (Kutsika Kwambiri)

LF ndi yakale, yotsika mtengo, komanso yokhululuka kuzungulira chitsulo ndi phokoso lamagetsi. Chips ngatiEM4100 ndi TK4100 ma key fobsulutsa nambala yokhazikika, yowerengedwa-yokha. Kudalirika kumeneko ndi vutonso: nambala yokhazikika yopanda kubisa imatha kukopera mumasekondi ndi chojambula chotsika mtengo. Sankhani LF pokhapokha mukamafananiza owerenga a LF omwe alipo kale kapena ngati kupangana sikuli gawo lachiwopsezo chanu - chipinda chosungiramo masewera olimbitsa thupi, tinene, osati malo opangira data.

13.56 MHz (Kuthamanga Kwambiri)

HF ndiyosakhazikika pakutumiza kulikonse komwe kuli kofunikira. Imayendetsedwa ndi muyezo wa ISO/IEC 14443 (wokhala ndi ISO/IEC 15693 wokhala ndi nthawi yayitali-matchipisi oyandikana nawo), nchifukwa chake zizindikiro za HF zimayenderana bwino pa owerenga omwe amatsatira. Mabanja atatu a chip amalamulira:

MIFARE Classic 1K- zoyikapo zambiri, zotsika mtengo, ndi chifukwa chake zimatumizidwabe kuchuluka kwake. Koma Crypto-1 cipher inasweka poyera zaka zapitazo, choncho iyenera kuchitidwa ngati chidziwitso chosavuta, osati chitetezo. Ndi kusankha kwanzeru kwa umembala, chakudya chopanda ndalama, kapena zitseko zamkati momwe clone imakwiyitsa osati kuphwanya. A13.56 MHz MIFARE 1K fob keyimakhudza zambiri mwa milanduyo.

MIFARE DESFRE EV3- chizindikiro chapano cha-chitetezo chapamwamba. Malinga ndi zolemba za DESFire za NXP, zimagwiritsa ntchito AES-128 encryption, three-pass mutual authentication, and per-application key management, and the IC ili ndi Common Criteria EAL5+ certification - kalasi yofanana yofunidwa ya mabanki ndi ma e-passport chips. Ndizobwerera m'mbuyo zimagwirizana ndi EV2 ndi EV1, zomwe zimapangitsa kusamuka kwapang'onopang'ono kukhala zenizeni. Ngati mukunena za nyumba ya boma, malo ogulitsa mankhwala achipatala, kapena HQ yamakampani, apa ndiye poyambira, osati kukweza komwe mungaganizire pambuyo pake.

NTAG (NFC)- yapangidwa kuti izithandiza pa foni-zosavuta kuwerenga m'malo movutikira kuzifikira. Ndizothandiza pakupita kwa alendo, kutsimikizika kwazinthu, ndi kutsatsa, zochepa pakhomo lotetezedwa.

UHF

UHF imawerengera pamamita, osati ma centimita, zomwe ndizomwe mukufuna pamapallet ndi magalimoto ndendende zomwe simukufuna pakhomo, pomwe kuwerenga wina zipinda ziwiri ndi mlandu. Sungani UHF pakutsata katundu ndi chizindikiritso cha chipata/galimoto.

Ngati mukuyezera ma bandi pamtengo wonse m'malo mwa mtengo wa zomata, kufananitsa uku kwa mtengo wa 125 kHz vs 13.56 MHz zidziwitso zowongolera zopezeka ndizothandiza, monganso kuyang'anitsitsa.kusankha ma frequency olondola a RFID ma key fobs.

Mndandanda Wofananira Palibe Amene Akuyenda Mpaka Nthawi Yachedwa

Maoda ambiri omwe adalephera amagawana chifukwa chimodzi: wogula amafananiza pafupipafupi ndikungoganiza zotsalazo. M'malo mwake, zinthu zinayi zimayenera kutsata - pafupipafupi, mulingo wolumikizirana, chip family, ndi mtundu wa mbiri (UID, khodi ya malo, kapena pulogalamu yobisidwa). Wowerenga HID Prox amanyalanyaza generic 125 kHz EM4100 fob ngakhale onse ndi "125 kHz," chifukwa mawonekedwe amasiyana. Musanayambe kuyitanitsa zambiri, tsatirani izi:

• Dziwani chitsanzo cha owerenga.Werengani cholembera pa owerenga omwe adayikidwa kapena onani zolemba zapagulu. Mtundu ndi mtundu wa firmware zonse ndi zofunika - owerenga ena amangovomereza pulogalamu yapamwamba yachitetezo ya DESFire{2}}akasintha.
• Yang'anani mbiri yakale yogwira ntchito.Zolemba zosindikizidwa, kapena kusanthula mwachangu ndi wowerengera, nthawi zambiri zimawonetsa mtundu wa chip ndi mawonekedwe.
• Tsimikizirani mawonekedwe, osati chip yokha.Funsani ngati dongosololi likutsimikizika pa UID, pa code code, kapena pa pulogalamu yosungidwa ndi makiyi enieni.
• Funsani chitsanzo ndikuchiyesa pa owerenga anu amoyo.Gawo limodzili limalepheretsa pafupifupi kulephera kwakukulu kulikonse.
• Fotokozani umwini wofunikira.Kwa DESFire ndi makina ena obisidwa, sankhani yemwe ali ndi makiyi ambuye ndi momwe angasinthidwe asanayambe kupanga, osati pambuyo pake.

Pamene mukugwirizanitsa mibadwo iwiri ya owerenga panthawi yotulutsidwa, aawiri-makiyi afupipafupizomwe zimanyamula LF ndi HF chip zimalola chidziwitso chimodzi kutsegula zitseko zakale ndi zatsopano nthawi imodzi - nthawi zambiri kusiyana pakati pa kumapeto kwa sabata ndi mwezi wa machitidwe ofanana. Kwa malo a HID makamaka, cholemba ichi pakuyitanitsa mbiri yovomerezeka ya HID Prox-imafotokoza za mawonekedwe omwe amakopa anthu.

RFID vs NFC: Chimodzi Ndi Chigawo cha Wina

NFC siukadaulo wopikisana ndi RFID - ndi gawo lapadera la 13.56 MHz HF RFID lomwe limawonjezera-kulankhulana kwanjira ziwiri, zomwe ndizomwe zimalola foni kukhala ngati wowerenga kapena mbiri. Chida chilichonse cha NFC chimagwiritsa ntchito mfundo za RFID; si machitidwe onse a RFID omwe amalankhula NFC.

Kusiyanitsa kumeneko kumasankha ngati mafoni angalowe m'malo mwa fobs mnyumba yanu. Android's Host Card Emulation ndi Apple's Wallet-zomwe zimachokera ku Apple's Wallet{1}zitha kugwira ntchito ngati makiyi ofikira, koma pokhapokha ngati wowerenga,-programu yowongolera, ndi njira zovomerezeka{3}}zigwirizana nazo. Owerenga Legacy LF sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito foni konse. M'malo mwake mabungwe ambiri amayendetsa onse awiri: ma fobs obisika a ogwira ntchito ndi makontrakitala, zidziwitso zam'manja zoyikidwa pamwamba pomwe gulu la owerenga limawathandiza. Kuwonongeka kwathunthu kumakhala mu bukhulikusiyana pakati pa RFID ndi NFC.

Cloning ndi Chitetezo: Zomwe Zingathe Kukopera

"Kodi ikhoza kupangidwa?" ali ndi mayankho atatu owona kutengera chip:

• Zosavuta kupanga- zokhazikika-tchipisi cha UID LF (EM4100, TK4100) ndi makina aliwonse a UID osabisidwa{4}}wokha. Wokopera m'manja amatero mu chiphaso chimodzi.
• Ofanana ndi khama- MIFARE Classic. Zofooka za Crypto-1 ndizowonekera pagulu, kotero wowukira wotsimikiza ali ndi zida zoyenera amatha kuchira makiyi.
• Amapangidwa kuti asagwirizane ndi cloning- DESFire EV3 ndi zina za AES-zotengera mbiri, zomwe zimadalira kutsimikizirana, makiyi a dynamic session, ndi-kuphatikiza makiyi achinsinsi kuti kusokoneza fob imodzi kusasokoneze dongosolo.

Nthano yodziwika bwino yoti "RFID iliyonse imatha kukopera ndi foni" imaphatikiza kuwerengera tag yotseguka ya NTAG ndikugonjetsa kutsimikizika kwachinsinsi. Foni imatha kutsanzira tag ya NFC; sichingapangitse kugwirana chanza kwa DESFire. Kuti mupeze chithandizo chokwanira cha chitsanzo chowopseza, onani mwachidule ichiRFID data chitetezo.

Kusankha kwa chip ndi theka chabe la kutumizidwa kotetezedwa, komabe. Kapangidwe kadongosolo kamakhala ndi zina zonse:

• Sinthani mawaya a Wiegand omwe adakhalako kaleOSDP, yomwe imathandizira owerenga obisidwa, kuyang'aniridwa-kuti-kulankhulana mowongolera.
• Gwiritsani ntchitomitundu yosiyanasiyanachifukwa chake chidziwitso chilichonse chimapeza kiyi yapadera kuchokera ku kiyi ya master.
• Ikaniudindo{{0}kutengera zilolezo. Udindo wa NIST-Motengera Woyang'anira Kufikira - mulingo wa ANSI/INCITS - ndiwo malo omwe mabizinesi ambiri amatsata, ndipo amawonetsa bwino momwe nyumba zimagawira anthu mwayi wopeza ntchito.
• Thamanganikafukufuku wokhazikika: onaninso zipika, chotsani mbiri yosagwiritsidwa ntchito, tembenuzani makiyi, ndi kusunga fimuweya ya owerenga apano.
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Kusamuka Kweniyeni, Yambani Kumaliza

Njira yomwe ili pansipa ndi yofanana ndi-ofesi yayikulu yomwe imachoka pa owerenga okalamba a LF, ndipo zikuwonetsa chifukwa chake zisankho zam'mbuyomu zimaphatikizana.

Nyumba yomwe ili ndi 125 kHz EM4100 fobs yaganiza zokwezeka pambuyo poti wobwereketsa anenanso zotsimikizira. M'malo mosinthana chilichonse nthawi imodzi, amaika DESFire EV3{{4}owerenga motha kuwerengera pansi ndi pansi ndikupereka ma fobs aŵiri-mafupipafupi kuti ogwira ntchito azikhala ndi mbiri imodzi. Makiyi a Master amapangidwa ndikugwiridwa ndi kasitomala, kusiyanasiyana pa fob, ndi kubayidwa kufakitale asanatumizidwe. Owerenga amasamukira ku OSDP pomwe chipinda chilichonse chimadulidwa. Zitseko zakale za LF-okha zimagwirabe ntchito pa fob yomweyo mpaka wowerenga womaliza alowe m'malo, pomwe ntchito ya LF imangosiya ntchito. Palibe mbiri yotulutsanso, palibe mzere wofikira alendo.

Njira yomwe ili pansipa ndi yofanana ndi-ofesi yayikulu yomwe imachoka pa owerenga okalamba a LF, ndipo zikuwonetsa chifukwa chake zisankho zam'mbuyomu zimaphatikizana.

Nyumba yomwe ili ndi 125 kHz EM4100 fobs yaganiza zokwezeka pambuyo poti wobwereketsa anenanso zotsimikizira. M'malo mosinthana chilichonse nthawi imodzi, amaika DESFire EV3{{4}owerenga motha kuwerengera pansi ndi pansi ndikupereka ma fobs aŵiri-mafupipafupi kuti ogwira ntchito azikhala ndi mbiri imodzi. Makiyi a Master amapangidwa ndikugwiridwa ndi kasitomala, kusiyanasiyana pa fob, ndi kubayidwa kufakitale asanatumizidwe. Owerenga amasamukira ku OSDP pomwe chipinda chilichonse chimadulidwa. Zitseko zakale za LF-okha zimagwirabe ntchito pa fob yomweyo mpaka wowerenga womaliza alowe m'malo, pomwe ntchito ya LF imangosiya ntchito. Palibe mbiri yotulutsanso, palibe mzere wofikira alendo.

Mfundoyi si mtundu weniweniwo - ndikuti njira yapang'onopang'ono, chinsinsi{1}}yake, yapawiri-mafupipafupi imatembenuza kusokoneza{3}}ndi-kulowa m'malo mwa ntchito yakumbuyo. Dongosolo limenelo ndi lotheka chifukwa chip (DESFire) ndi form factor (dual-frequency) zinasankhidwa poganizira kusamuka.

Nyumba ndi Zida: Gwirizanani ndi Chilengedwe, Osati Catalog

Nyumba sizisintha kawirikawiri, koma zimasankha kuti fob imakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji. Chip ndi mlongoti seti ntchito; chipolopolo chimakhazikitsa kukhazikika.

Pazovuta kwambiri, tchulani IP67/IP68 sealing, −25 digiri mpaka +85 mlingo wa digirii, ndi kukana kwa UV pa chilichonse chosiyidwa panja. Mbali-ndi-mbali ya zipolopolo ziwiri zodziwika bwino ndi iziABS vs epoxy key fob kufananitsa. Pamene maonekedwe ali mbali yachidule, achikopa RFID kiyi fobkapena amatabwa eco-makiyi ochezekaimakhala ndi logo yabwino kwambiri kuposa ABS yopangidwa.

Kukonzekera: Njira Zitatu Zopangira Fob

"Programming" amatanthauza kulemba chizindikiritso, makiyi, kapena kupeza deta mu chip. Momwe mumachitira zimatengera kukula ndi chitetezo:

1. Kusindikiza{0}}kwafakitale.Woperekayo amalemba ma UID kapena zidziwitso asanatumize. Yachangu kwambiri pakutulutsa kwakukulu ndi machitidwe a hotelo; palibe pa-zida zatsamba zomwe zikufunika.
2. Pa-encoding yatsamba.Mumapereka zidziwitso ndi wolemba USB kapena pulogalamu yolembetsa ya gulu lofikira. Zabwino kwambiri pamene ntchito zikusintha nthawi zambiri ndipo mukufuna kuwongolera mwachindunji.
3. Tetezani jekeseni wachinsinsi.Kwa machitidwe a DESFire ndi AES, makiyi obisala ndi mapulogalamu amaperekedwa molamulidwa, nthawi zambiri pafakitale, kotero kuti zidziwitso sizingabwerezedwe popanda chilolezo.

Pamaulamuliro a voliyumu, vomerezani zomwe zachitika kutsogoloku: ma encoding throughput, kuwongolera zolakwika, UID wapadera, kulunzanitsa nkhokwe, ndi kudula mitengo. Mabizinesi nthawi zambiri amayika ma encoding mu HR kapena chizindikiritso chawo kotero kuti kukwera ndi kutsika kumangoyendetsa basi.

Common Deployments

Maofesi amayang'anira zolowera, zokwezeka, pansi, ndi malo oimika magalimoto pakati, kukonzanso maufulu popanda kukhudza zida. Mahotelo amapereka zidziwitso zomwe zimatha nthawi yolipira - zimango zalongosoledwa m'chigawochi pamomwe makiyi a hotelo amagwirira ntchito. Zipatala zimatseka malo ogulitsa mankhwala, ma lab, ndi marekodi potengera{{1}zilolezo zotengera kutsatira. Mayunivesite amawonjezera mwayi, laibulale, kupezeka, ndi kulipira kopanda ndalama pa chizindikiritso chimodzi. Malo a mafakitale amapeza madera owopsa ndi zipinda za zida potengera udindo ndi kusintha. Munthawi zonse kusuntha kopambana kumakhala kofanana: sankhani chipangizocho pamlingo wowopseza, kenako pulogalamuyo igwire zina zonse.

Kugula ndi OEM Sourcing

Mtengo ndiye chinthu chomaliza kukhathamiritsa, osati choyamba. Gwirani ntchito molingana ndi zofunikira, kenako chip, kenako makonda, kenako perekani.

Kusankhidwa kwa chip ndi mulingo wachitetezo

• Zochepa(malo okhala, oimika magalimoto): EM4100 / TK4100 / HID Prox.
• Wapakati(maofesi, masukulu, malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi): MIFARE Classic 1K kapena NTAG.
• Wapamwamba(zachuma, chisamaliro chaumoyo, boma): DESFIre EV3 yokhala ndi AES ndikutsimikizirana.
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Kusintha mwamakonda (OEM/ODM)

Ogula mochulukira safuna katundu wamba. Zina mwazosankha ndi monga laser kapena silika-kusindikiza chizindikiro pa skrini, ma encoding a UID ndi -kukonza mapulogalamu, manambala amtundu wamtundu, mitundu ndi makulidwe ake, ndi kuphatikiza ma QR/barcode - zonse zomwe zimathandizira kuyika chizindikiro, kufufuza katundu, komanso kuletsa-chinyengo. Yang'anani izi motsutsana ndi ogulitsaOEM / ODM lusoasanachite.

MOQ, nthawi yotsogolera, ndi vetting

Monga chiwongolero chaukali, masitoko amanyamula 100–500 pcs, OEM 500–3,000 pcs, ndi nkhungu makonda 5,000+ ma PC, ndi mayunitsi kutsika kwambiri pa voliyumu. Nthawi zotsogola zimakhala pafupifupi masiku 2–5 pa katundu, masiku 7–15 pa OEM yokhazikika, ndi masiku 15–{13}} pazida zogwiritsa ntchito mwamakonda; pangani mu buffer kuti muvomereze zitsanzo ndikuyesa ma encoding. Mukamayesa ogulitsa, tsimikizirani tchipisi zenizeni (NXP, HID), ma encoding ndi zogwirizana-zothandizira pakuyesa, ISO/CE/RoHS certification, ndi -} zosakambitsirana-zosakambirana - zitsanzo zenizeni zisanapangidwe kwambiri.

mapeto

Sankhani chip cha mlingo wanu weniweni wowopseza, onetsetsani kuti ikugwirizana ndi owerenga anu enieni musanayitanitsa pamlingo waukulu, ndipo sungani ma encryption, OSDP, mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndi maudindo-otengera zilolezo monga dongosolo limodzi osati njira zinayi. Pamasamba-achitetezo apamwamba, DESFire EV3 kuphatikiza kiyi{{4}yake, njira yosamuka yapang'onopang'ono ndiyo yankho lolimba. Zina zonse - nyumba, mtundu, chizindikiro - ndizolowera pansi pakukonza zisankho zitatuzo molondola.

Ngati mukukonzekera kukweza kapena kuyitanitsa zambiri, cheke chofananira ndi zitsanzo zoyesedwa musanapange zidzapulumutsa zambiri kuposa momwe zimawonongera. Mutha kupempha kuwunika kwachitsanzo kapena mawu kuti mutsimikizire ma fobs anu kuti agwirizane ndi dongosolo lanu chilichonse chisanachitike.

FAQ

Kodi RFID key fob ingagwire ntchito ndi wowerenga aliyense?

Ayi. Mafupipafupi, mulingo wolumikizirana, mtundu wa chip, ndi mawonekedwe a mbiri zonse ziyenera kugwirizana. Ma fobs awiri a "125 kHz" amatha kukhala osagwirizana ngati mtunduwo usiyana.

Ndi fob iti ya RFID yomwe ili yotetezeka kwambiri?

MIFARE DESFire EV3 yokhala ndi AES-128 ndipo kutsimikizirana ndizomwe zimatsimikizira chitetezo chapamwamba, chokhala ndi satifiketi ya EAL5+ yofanana ndi tchipisi takubanki.

Kodi makiyi a RFID angapangidwe?

Zokhazikika-Ma fobs a UID LF amapangidwa mosavuta, MIFARE Classic akhoza kupangidwa ndi khama, ndipo zizindikiro za DESFire/AES zimakonzedwa kuti zipewe.

Kodi makiyi a RFID amafunikira mabatire?

Ayi. Passive fobs amapeza mphamvu kuchokera kwa owerenga ndipo amatha zaka khumi kapena kuposerapo.

Kodi foni yam'manja ingalowe m'malo mwa kiyi?

Nthawi zina. Mafoni a NFC amatha kukhala ngati zidziwitso pomwe owerenga ndi mapulogalamu amachirikiza, koma machitidwe a LF oyambira sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito mafoni konse. Masamba ambiri amayendetsa onse awiri.

Ndiyenera kuchita chiyani ngati fob yatayika?

Nenani, tsegulani m'dongosolo nthawi yomweyo - palibe zosintha za loko - perekani zolowa m'malo mwa zinthu zotsalira, ndikuwonanso malogi olowera munthawi yomwe yakhudzidwa.

Kodi MOQ wamba komanso nthawi yotsogolera ya ma fobs amtundu wanji?

Maoda a Standard OEM nthawi zambiri amayamba mozungulira ma PC 500-3,000 ndi nthawi yotsogolera yamasiku 7-15; nkhungu zachizolowezi zimafunikira ma voliyumu apamwamba komanso nthawi yayitali yogwiritsira ntchito. Nthawi zonse pemphani chitsanzo choyamba.