Ma RFID Key Fobs a Mahotela ndi Maofesi: Momwe Mungasankhire Yoyenera

Makiyi a RFID amawoneka ngati mzere wosavuta kwambiri pantchito yowongolera mwayi wofikira, tagi yaying'ono yapulasitiki pamakiyi. Ndilonso gawo lomwe lingathe kumiza kutulutsa, ndipo pafupifupi sililephera pakhomo. Zimalephera milungu ingapo m'mbuyomo, pakugula, nthawi yomwe wina akuganiza kuti chizindikirocho chidzangogwira ntchito ndi maloko omwe ali kale pakhoma. Pofika nthawi yomwe phale la ma fobs osindikizidwa bwino lifika ndipo desiki lakutsogolo lipeza theka la zitseko sizikutsegulidwa, mtengo wotsika wa unit wakhala mwakachetechete nambala yodula kwambiri kotala.

 

 

Chifukwa chiyani chizindikiro chomwechi chimachita mosiyana m'chipinda cholandirira alendo ndi chipinda cha seva

 

Chotsani zosankha zachikwama ndirfid kiyi fob yowongolera mwayizimabwera kuzinthu ziwiri zomwe zimasankha ngati zikugwira ntchito: chip mkati, komanso ngati chipcho chikugwirizana ndi owerenga anu kapena loko. China chirichonse, kuchokeraABS kapena chikopaku logo yosindikizidwa ndi kalembedwe ka keyring, ndizochepa. Khazikitsani chip ndi encoding molondola ndipo ena onse ndi mayendedwe; athetseni molakwika ndipo mumalipira kawiri, kamodzi kwa ma tag omwe samatsegula zitseko komanso kukonzanso kapena kutsekanso komwe kumatsatira. Chisankho chimodzi chimenecho ndi chomwe chidutswachi chimamangidwa mozungulira, chifukwa ndi chomwe ogula nthawi zambiri amalumpha.

 

 

pafupipafupi ndi chip: gawo lachomwe chimasankha

 

Bandi	Kuwerengera komwe kumawerengedwa	Kumene kukukwanira	Chitetezo chenicheni
LF 125kHz (EM4100, T5577)	~ 10cm	zitseko zothandizira, machitidwe a cholowa, kupezekapo kofunikira	kufalitsa chizindikiro mu momveka bwino; kukopera pang'ono
HF 13.56MHz (MIFARE, DESFire, NFC)	mpaka 10 cm	zitseko za zipinda ndi ofesi zofunika kubisa	imathandizira kutsimikizirana; kalasi ya DESFire EV-ndi njira yotetezeka yokhazikika
UHF	mpaka mamita angapo	zipata zamagalimoto, kuyimika, -maulendo ataliatali owerengedwa	kumasuka-kutsogoleredwa; kubisa zimasiyanasiyana ndi mankhwala

 

Pachilichonse chomwe chimateteza anthu kapena katundu, fob yachinsinsi ya 13.56MHz rfid iyenera kukhala yosasintha, ndipo 125kHz ndi ya gawo lothandizira cholowa, osati chitetezo. Izi ndi malingaliro olimba, osati mwina. Chomwe sichikhazikika ndikuti HF chip, MIFARE kapena DESFire yosiyana ndi owerenga anu ndi loko ingavomereze, ndipo ndipamene kuyanjana, osati pafupipafupi, kumakhala chipata chenicheni.

 

Mtengo umatsata chisankho cha chip chomwechi kuposa chilichonse chosindikizidwa pa fob: chip tier ndiye chida chachikulu kwambiri pamtengo wagawo, ndikusindikiza ndikumaliza mphindi imodzi. ABasic 125kHz tag ndi encrypted DESFire fobSizogula zomwezo, ndipo mawu otsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa ena onse nthawi zambiri amakuuzani gawo lomwe adakhalamo mwakachetechete.

 

Kusiyana kwachitetezo palibe amene amasindikiza patsamba lazogulitsa

 

Mapepala apadera saphimba zomwe zikubwera. Yankho lofala ku "kodi ma rfid key fobs angapangidwe?" ndi zolimbikitsa "zamakono zalembedwa mwachinsinsi." Yankho loona mtima ndiloti zimatengera chip chomwe mwalandira, ndipo ogula ambiri sakudziwa zomwe adalandira.

 

Ma fobs otsika-mafupipafupi a 125kHz amasunga mbiri yawo popanda kubisa ndikuwulutsa kwa wowerenga aliyense amene afunsa. Kakopera kakang'ono ka-$30 kamene kamakopera m'manja kamafanana ndi kamodzi pamasekondi; Flipper Zero imachita izi mkati mwa sekondi imodzi, kudzera m'thumba. Choyipa kwambiri kuposa kope lokha ndi kufufuza kwa -log blind spot: umboni wopangidwa ndi 125kHz umalemba chizindikiritso chofanana ndi choyambirira, kotero kuti makinawo sangathe kudziwa kopiyo kuchokera pa tagi yeniyeni, ndipo kulowa mosaloledwa kutha kukhala osazindikirika kwa milungu ingapo.

 

Pakati-gawo siwotetezeka zokha basi. MIFARE Classic, yomwe ilipobe tchipisi tosalumikizana ndi anthu ambiri, imadalira 48-bit cipher (Crypto-1) yomwe ofufuza adayichotsa zaka zapitazo, yokhala ndi makiyi omwe amatha kubwezeredwa mphindi imodzi.Yunivesite ya Radboud). Ndipo mu 2024, akatswiri ofufuza zachitetezo adalemba chitseko cha hardware mu chipangizo chogulitsidwa kwambiri cha "MIFARE-compatible", Fudan FM11RF08S, ndipo adachipeza m'mahotela ku US, Europe ndi India (Quarkslab). Chosasangalatsa ndichakuti "MIFARE yogwirizana" pamatchulidwe siwofanana ndi "otetezeka," ndipo chip chotsika mtengo chomwe chingakhale pachiwopsezo chomwe sichimatchulapo.

 

Nthano inanso yofunika kusiya: kusinthira ku kiyi ya foni{{0}yotengera foni sikungowonjezera chitetezo. Kutsanzira chip chofooka pa foni yamakono kumangosunthira kufooka; sichichichotsa. Chitetezo chimakhala mu protocol, osati mu mawonekedwe.

 

Kumene ma fob oda amalakwika

 

Pafupifupi zonse zomwe zalephera zambiri za rfid key fob order zimabwereranso ku imodzi mwa mafoni atatu omwe angapewedwe, ndipo palibe yomwe ili ndi vuto lopanga.

 

Choyamba ndikugula pamtengo wagawo lokha. Katundu wocheperako komanso zowonda zowonda zimasweka ndikuzimiririka pansi pa chinyezi komanso kukangana kwa tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo fob yomwe imafa mwezi wachinayi imawononga ndalama zambiri pakutulutsanso ndi madandaulo kuposa magawo a senti yomwe idasunga. Chachiwiri ndikuwona kuyanjana ngati vuto la ogulitsa kuti adziwe pambuyo potumiza; pamene fob "amawerenga pa desiki la showroom koma amafera pakhomo," chip nthawi zambiri chimakhala chabwino; encoding kapena chip-makina amtundu ndiwolakwika, ndipo chisanadze{3}chitsanzo chimodzi choyesedwa pa loko yeniyeni chikadachipeza pachabe. Chachitatu ndikungoganiza kuti njira yatsopano kwambiri ndiyotetezeka kwambiri, pomwe foni yam'manja kapena "yogwirizana" imatha kuyambitsanso mwakachetechete kufooka komwe mumayesa kupanga.

 

Chitsanzo ndi chopereka: chilichonse mwa izi chimagwidwa ndi sitepe yotsika mtengo yomweyi, yomwe imatengedwa musanayambe kuthamanga kwambiri m'malo motsatira.

 

Mndandanda wa zosankha zomwe mungathe kuyendetsa

 

Asanachite amwambo wa rfid key fob wa nyumba yamaofesikapena malo opangira hotelo kuti apange, tsimikizirani zotsatirazi motsutsana ndi malo anu enieni, osati ndandanda:

 

• Banja la chip ndi mtundu weniweni wa chip womwe owerenga kapena maloko amayembekezera (zosiyana za MIFARE kapena DESFire, mwachitsanzo), osati "13.56MHz"

 

• Mtundu wa UID, nambala ya malo, ndi ma encoding omwe dongosolo lanu limafunikira

 

• Mulingo wa kabisidwe kazomwe uyenera kuchita: HF yosungidwa pazitseko, LF pazantchito zotsika-zochepa

 

• Kaya ma fobs adzakhodzedwa ndi inu pa-tsamba kapena{1}}osindikizidwa kale ndi wopanga

 

• -chitsanzo chopangidwa choyesedwa pa loko yeniyeni, owerenga, encoder ndi mapulogalamu, osati kayeseleledwe ka benchi

 

• Kwa mahotela, kutsimikizira motsutsana ndi mzere wa loko woyikika pamaso pa voliyumu; kumaofesi, kuyimitsidwa kotsimikizika ndi{0}}kachitidwe koperekanso mbiri yotayika

 

Tsatirani mndandandawo ndipo kugwirizana kwa rfid key fob kumasiya kukhala otchova njuga ndipo kumakhala bokosi loyang'anira: hotelo-tagi yakuchipinda imatsimikiziridwa ndi loko, pomwe fob ya ofesi imatsimikiziridwa ndi nsanja yoyang'anira ndi mbiri-kayendetsedwe ka moyo wanu. Mndandanda womwewo, kutsindika kosiyana.

 

 

Mitundu yonse itatu yolephereka imagawana chiyambi chimodzi: imayambira pa mgwirizano ndi kubisa, masitepe awiri omwe kampani yochita malonda imatulutsa ndipo sangathe kuwongolera, komanso pomwe zolephera zambiri zimayambira. Gulani rfid key fob kuchokera kwa wogulitsa ndipo masitepe awiriwa amachitika kwinakwake komwe simungathe kuwona. Gulani kuchokera kufakitale yomwe imayendetsa chip bonding ndi encoding mu-nyumba ndipo amakhala mkati mwadongosolo labwino.

 

Umu ndi mmene zilili popeza ma rfid key fobs mwachindunji kuchokera kwa wopanga osati kwa wogulitsanso: kuwongolera masitepe awiri omwe amasankha ngati mbiriyo ikugwira ntchito, kuyang'ana komaliza m'malo moyang'ana malo, ndi mitengo yocheperako yomwe ili pansi pa 1 peresenti pamizere yapamwamba kwambiri-yamphamvu. Zimawonekeranso mu khalidwe lobwerezabwereza. Kukhazikika kwathu komanso kukhazikika kwanthawi zonse kumakhala kovutirapo-kuyesedwa ndi mapulogalamu omwe amasanjanso chaka ndi chaka: pulogalamu yakubanki-pamakhadi otengera mbiri miliyoni miliyoni pachaka, zosangalatsa-zophatikiza zolipirira zomwe zimatenga mamiliyoni ena awiri, komanso, makamaka, nyumba yaku France{6}}katswiri wopeza mwayi wopeza ndalama{7} pafupifupi zaka zisanu{7} zaka zonse{7} zidutswa miliyoni pachaka. Maoda obwerezabwereza pamlingo wotere ndi umboni wowona kuti encoding imakhalabe pakapita nthawi, osati pa tray yachitsanzo. Mumsika waukulu wa RFID, wokwana pafupifupi US$15.6 biliyoni mchaka cha 2025 potengera kuchuluka kwa IDTechEx, zizindikiro zapamwamba-zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polamula kuti anthu azilowa motetezeka zimakhala zokwera kwambiri-kuposa ma tag a UHF otayika ndendende chifukwa chitetezo ndichofunika kwambiri. Imeneyi ndi njira ina yoti chip ndi pamene ndalama ndi chiopsezo zonse zimakhala.

 

Ngati mukuyang'ana kuthamanga tsopano, iyi ndiye siteji yomwefakitale-kupanga makiyi a RFID molunjikaamapeza kusungidwa kwake: zitsanzo ndi cheke chofananira zimachitika voliyumu isanachitike, osati pambuyo pa madandaulo.