RFID ndi NFC mu Viwanda: Kuwauza Iwo Patulani, ndi Kudziwa Yemwe Angayike

 

Mawerengedwe owerengera pa datasheet siwowerengera omwe ali pansi panu

 

Mpata womwe palibe amene amayika mu kabukuka ndi uwu: kuchuluka kwa zowerengera zomwe zasindikizidwa papepala lachidziwitso cha tag ndi nambala ya labotale, ndipo nyumba yanu yosungiramo zinthu si labotale. Chitsulo, zamadzimadzi, zosungidwa, kutentha, ngakhale mbali yomwe tag ikuyang'anizana ndi mlongoti zonse zidzachepetsa chiwerengerocho, nthawi zina kwambiri. Mikhalidwe yeniyeni-padziko lonse yotumizira ma RFID ndi NFC kufakitale ndi yoipa kuposa momwe deta iliyonse imanenera, ndipo mtunda wapakati pa woyendetsa ndege ndi woyimitsidwa woyimitsidwa nthawi zambiri umakhala mosiyanasiyana.

 

 

Ambiri aiwo amadabwitsa ngakhale magulu odziwa zambiri. Malire amagetsi owongolera amasiyana ndi dera, kotero kuti tag ya UHF yowerengera mamita anayi pamalo aku US imatha kuwerengeka mwachidule ku Europe pansi pa malamulo okhwima a ETSI. Kuchulukana kumapanga msampha wake: kunyamula owerenga ochulukirapo m'malo amodzi ndipo amasokonezana ndikugundana pama tag, kutsitsa kudalirika pomwe akukweza mtengo. Mnzake wina-kafukufuku wina amene adaunikanso anapeza kuti kuyika owerenga mwadala kumatha kutha kufalitsidwa ndi owerenga mochepera 46–47% poyerekeza ndi masanjidwe osadziwa (Masensa a MDPI kudzera pa PMC). Kenako pali "chidziwitso chobisika", pomwe chizindikiro chimakhala mkati mwamalo owerengera koma osayankhidwa chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira.

 

NFC imakhala ndi mtundu wake waphunziro lomwelo, ndipo imawonekera pomwe tag imakumana ndi chitsulo kapena foni ina. Chifukwa kuyika kwa mlongoti wa NFC kumasiyana kuchokera ku mtundu wina wa foni yam'manja kupita ku inzake, cholembera chowerengedwa kuti chiwerengedwe pa sentimeta zinayi motsutsana ndi foni imodzi chimatha kutaya centimita kapena kupitilirapo pamtundu wina; ndipo pa aluminiyamu yopanda kanthu monga chikesi cha zida kapena mapanelo amakina, zolowetsa wamba zimatha kusiya kuyankha pokhapokha ngati zili -zopangidwa ndi zitsulo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake, pa benchi yathu, timayenereza ma tag aliwonse a NFC motsutsana ndi makalasi angapo am'manja ndipo motsutsana ndi malo enieni omwe amakhalapo, ndiyeno timapanga mogwira bwino ma sentimita awiri kapena atatu kuposa labu. Tsiku limene ma tag a kasitomala amawerengedwa bwino muofesi yathu ndipo pafupipafupi pamashelufu awo azitsulo ndi tsiku lomwe malire amadzilipira okha.

 

Kumene aliyense amapezadi malo ake

 

Kusankha pakati pa RFID ndi NFC pabizinesi nthawi zambiri kumatsikira kuzinthu zitatu zomwe zimachitika mobwerezabwereza, ndipo sizimadutsana.

 

Pakufufuza katundu, kusungirako katundu, ndi kupanga-mayendedwe, chilichonse chomwe mungawerenge zinthu zambiri mwachangu, patali, popanda khama la munthu, UHF RFID ndiyofunika kwambiri. Apa ndipamene RFID ndi NFC zotsatirira katundu wathunthu kwathunthu: Masentimita a NFC amapangitsa kukhala chida cholakwika cha forklift kusuntha phale lodzaza kudutsa khomo la doko. RFID imagwira kale ntchitoyi pamayendedwe, kupanga, ndi malonda, monga momwe tikuwonerakumene RFID imatumizidwa m'mafakitaleamayala kunja.

 

Pakuwongolera mwayi wopezeka, kutsimikizika, zolipira, ndi malo aliwonse pomwe munthu apereka dala chinthu, mtundu waufupi wa NFC umakhala mawonekedwe osati malire. Kupopa ndi dala, kovuta kuyambitsa mwangozi, komanso kosavuta kuteteza. Kumeneko ndiye nyumba yachilengedwe ya RFID ndi NFC pakuwongolera kolowera komanso kulumikizana popanda kulumikizana. Ngati mukuyang'ana zosankha zovomerezeka pazitseko, zathu125 kHz vs 13.56 MHz zowongolera zowongolera kuwononga ndalamaimayenda kudzera-zigawo zachitetezo, zoopsa zenizeni, komanso mitengo yamtengo wapatali pa EM4100, MIFARE Classic, ndi DESFire EV2/EV3.

 

Zogulitsa zenizeni zenizeni zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito zonse ziwiri. Kuyenda kumodzi kumatha kutsata chonyamulira chonyamula katundu kudzera mufakitale yokhala ndi UHF RFID pomwe tag ya NFC pa chonyamulira chomwechi imalola katswiri kuimbira foni ndikukokera mbiri yake yokonza pomwepo. Kusankha ukadaulo wa RFID ndi NFC womwe umapita komwe kuli masewera olimbitsa thupi, osati / kapena funso.

 

Dimension	UHF RFID	HF RFID / NFC
Kuwerengera komwe kumawerengedwa	Mamita (nthawi zambiri 1-10 m)	Masentimita (0–4cm pa NFC)
Kuwerenga pa pass	Ma tag ambiri nthawi imodzi	Tagi imodzi panthawi
Foni{{0}ndi yowerengeka	Ayi	Inde (HF / NFC)
Kukwanira bwino kwa mafakitale	Kutsata kwachulukidwe, mayendedwe, zosungira	Pezani, kutsimikizira, pa-data yazinthu
Kutengapo mbali kwa anthu	Manja-aulere, ongochita zokha	Kupopera dala

 

Zomwe tebulo silingakugulireni mtengo ndizosintha zomwe zimasankha zinthu. Kuchuluka kwake, plain passive UHF inlay imayenda pafupifupi USD 0.05–0.15 iliyonse, pamene -yamatanthauzidwe azitsulo omwe mumafuna poika zitsulo kapena zipangizo nthawi zambiri imakhala USD 0.20–0.50, pafupifupi katatu kapena kasanu; chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha NFC podina-kuti{7}}muone-kabedi kachipangizo kachipangizo kamene kamafika potsika mtengo kuposa tagi ya UHF yolimba. M'malo osakanikirana mtengo wowerengeka wodalirika, osati mtengo wamutu, ndizomwe zimakhazikitsa chisankho.

 

Si makadi onse "otetezedwa" omwe ali otetezeka

 

Ngati pulojekiti yanu ikhudza kuwongolera, gawoli likufunika kwambiri kuposa mkangano wamitundumitundu, chifukwa mawu oti "chitetezo" amabisa kufalikira kwakukulu. Zidziwitso zambiri zotsika-zotsika mtengo zogulitsidwa monga makhadi ofikira a RFID ndi NFC zikugwirabe ntchito paukadaulo wa chip womwe wapangidwa kwa zaka zopitilira khumi.

 

 

Chitsanzo chomveka bwino ndi MIFARE Classic. Crypto-1 cipher inathyoledwa ndi akatswiri ofufuza kalelo mu 2008, komabe makhadiwa akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mabizinesi chifukwa kuchotsa ziphaso mamiliyoni ambiri ndi owerenga ndi okwera mtengo. Kuopsa kwake sikungopeka. Mu 2024, akatswiri ofufuza zachitetezo adavumbulutsa kachipangizo kachipangizo ka MIFARE Classic{7}}                                     chip                            << chapa}                       <<< g comtable chip] yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, yopezeka m'mahotela ndi m'maofesi m'makontinenti angapo.RFID Journal). Mawonekedwe akale a 125 kHz ndi ofookabe, ali ndi ID yokhazikika ndipo alibe chitetezo (Gulu la NCC).

 

Chifukwa chake ndiloleni ndikhazikike molimba mtima m'malo motchinga: ngati mwayi wofikira-ndi mawu owongolera satchula chip, chitani khadi ngati losabisidwa mpaka zitatsimikizidwa mwanjira ina. Kukweza kodalirika ndi chip chokhala ndi cryptography yeniyeni: banja la MIFARE DESFire EV2/EV3, lokhala ndi encryption ya AES, kutsimikizika kwapawiri, ndi makiyi osiyanasiyana, ilibe zowukira zodziwika bwino zodziwika bwino zikagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera. Ogula akatipempha kuti tipeze chitetezo cha makadi a RFID ndi NFC pazitseko, makwererowo ndi omwe timawakweza, ndipo n'chifukwa chake timasunga zosankha za DESFire{5}} muzosankha zathu.Kuwongolera kwamakhadi a RFID opangidwa ndi gawo lachitetezo cha chipm'malo mongotsatira zotsika mtengo kwambiri.

 

Kodi "kusintha kwa digito" kumawoneka bwanji kumagwira ntchito, komanso ngati sikungathe

 

"Kusinthika kwa digito" kumalumikizidwa ku RFID ndi NFC nthawi zambiri mawuwa amakhala atatsala pang'ono kutha, motero amathandizira kuzimitsa ku chinthu china. Muzomera zolumikizidwa, RFID ndi NFC muzogulitsa zimapatsa zinthu zakuthupi chizindikiritso cha digito: zida, zonyamulira, ndi magawo omwe amafotokoza malo awo ndi momwe alili, amadyetsa ERP kapena MES munthawi yeniyeni, ndikuchepetsa kutsalira pakati pa zomwe zikuchitika ndi wina akudziwa.

 

Malamulo akukankhira chimodzimodzi. Malamulo a European Union omwe akubwera a Digital Product Passport adzakakamiza kuti chinthucho{1}}chitsatidwe m'magulu azinthu zomwe sizinakhalepo, ndipo malebo anzeru a RFID ndi NFC akukhala gawo lomwe limapangitsa kuti izi zitheke; opanga ma chipmaker akutumiza kaleMa tag a NFC opangidwira Digital Product Passport.

 

Chenjezoli ndi lophunzitsa ngati nkhani yopambana, ndipo ndiyenera kudziwa musanasainire chilichonse. Pamene Walmart inapereka udindo wake woyamba wa RFID mu 2003, kutulutsidwa kunayenda patsogolo pa mitengo yamtengo wapatali ndikuwerenga kudalirika; mu kafukufuku wina wa ogulitsa kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, kusowa kwa phindu pazachuma ndi komwe kudatchulidwa kwambiri, komwe kudatchulidwa ndi pafupifupi 42% ya omwe adafunsidwa (Yunivesite ya Houston, Bauer College). Pulogalamuyi idayima. Mtundu womwe unagwira ntchito udafika pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri pambuyo pake, ma tag atatsika kuchokera pa masenti makumi asanu mpaka masenti pang'ono pazaka zomwe Walmart adalamula, ndipo zowerengedwa zidakhala zodalirika kuti zithandizire kulondola kwazomwe zili pamwamba pa 97%, mtundu wa chiwerengero cha Auburn University's RFID Lab yanena za kutumiza kwamakono kwa RFID. Phunziro ndi lomwe mavenda sadzipereka kawirikawiri: momwe RFID ndi NFC zimagwirira ntchito mu Viwanda 4.0 ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa momwe chuma chanu chimatsekera poyamba, kutanthauza mtengo wa tag, kuwerenga kodalirika, ndi kubweza bwino, musanakwere chilichonse.

 

Koyambira popanda kubetcha fakitale

 

Magulu omwe amapeza RFID ndi NFC m'malo opangira zinthu pafupifupi samatsegula ndi makina-otulutsa mofalikira. Amatenga kachipangizo kamodzi kokhala ndi malire (chitseko chimodzi cha dock, chotengera chimodzi cha zida, malo amodzi olowera), kugula ma tag mazana angapo ndi owerenga m'modzi, amayendetsa kwa mwezi umodzi, ndikuwonera kuchuluka kwa kuwerenga musanachite chilichonse chachikulu. Ngati woyendetsayo sakuchotsa zowerengeka zodalirika za 95%, kukonza nthawi zonse kumakhala chimodzi mwazinthu zitatu: kuyika kwa antenna, kusankha ma tag, kapena kukwera pamwamba. Imeneyi ndi iti, ndi momwe mungakonzere popanda kupitirira-kuwononga owerenga, zimatengera malo anu enieni ndi kuwerenga geometry, kotero ndi zotchipa kwambiri kuzilemba pakhomo limodzi kusiyana ndi makumi anayi.

 

Kusankha zida kuti zigwirizane ndi zomwe zikuchitika m'malo motenga mzere wotsika mtengo kwambiri ndipamene kuyankhula ndi wopanga m'malo mogulitsanso kumapeza ndalama. Tapanga zinthu za RFID ndi NFC kuyambira 2006 kuchokera kumalo okwana 3,600-square-mita, otumizidwa ku Ulaya, Americas, Middle East, ndi kupitirira kuyambira 2012, ndipo timayendetsa ntchito za OEM ndi ODM motsata ndondomeko ya ISO-yoyendetsedwa ndi ISO. Ngati zochitika zanu zikufuna kutsimikizira mwadala, athuMa tag a NFC opangidwa kuti azilumikizana mwachidule-otetezekandi dongosolo loyamba lanzeru; ngati ndi ulamuliro wopezera kapena kudziwika, wathuMakhadi a RFID opangidwa ndi gawo lachitetezo cha chiplolani kuti mufanane ndi chidziwitso ku chiopsezo chenichenicho. Zitsanzo zaulere zomwe zili patsamba lanu komanso owerenga azikuuzani zambiri-zokwanira padziko lonse lapansi kuposa momwe mungasungire deta.