Makadi Alibe kanthu a RFID vs. Pre-Makhadi Osindikizidwa: Ndi Njira Iti Yabwino Kwambiri Pantchito Yanu?

Magulu ambiri amafika pa funsoli akuyembekezera kusankha pakati pa khadi yoyera ndi imodzi yokhala ndi logo. Zimenezi n'zimene zimachititsa kuti mapulojekiti ambiri odziwika bwino apitirire pa bajeti kapena kuimitsidwa kwatsala mlungu umodzi kuti apite{1}}mwani. Kusindikiza pamakadi ndi chisankho chotsika mtengo, chosinthika kwambiri pantchito yonseyi. Zosintha zomwe zimasankha ngati makhadi a RFID opanda kanthu kapena -makadi osindikizidwa kale ndi abwino kuti mukhale pansi pake: mwini wake wa sitepe yosindikiza, yemwe amasindikiza chip, momwe mungatulutsirenso mwachangu, komanso ngati khadiyo ikhoza kupangidwa nkomwe.

 

Bukuli lalembedwa kuchokera kumbali ya ogulitsa patebulo, ndi anthu omwe amatchula malamulowa ndikuyika matikiti othandizira pamene khadi likulephera kutsegula chitseko. Cholinga ndikukupatsani malingaliro ogula, osati kugulitsa.

 

 

Kodi "Chopanda kanthu" Chimatanthauza Chiyani, ndi Nthawi Yomwe Imayendera Ogula

 

Mawu akuti "chopanda kanthu" ndi amodzi mwamawu olemedwa kwambiri pakugula makhadi, ndipo kuyitanitsa chinthu cholakwika chifukwa chake ndikofala mokwanira kuti akuyenera chenjezo lake. Khadi lopanda kanthu likhoza kukhala pulasitiki iliyonse yosasindikizidwa yopanda chip, mtundu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pamabaji oyambira. Khadi lopanda kanthu la RFID ndi nyama yosiyana: pamwamba pake ndi yosasindikizidwa, koma chip ndi mlongoti zimasindikizidwa mkati, zokonzeka kusindikizidwa. "Khadi loyera" ndi "khadi loyera la PVC" nthawi zambiri limaloza ku chip chomwechi-chimenechi, ngakhale osati nthawi zonse.

 

Ngati mukuyang'ana njira yopezera kapena chizindikiritso, mukufuna mtunduwo ndi chip, ndipo mukufuna kufotokoza izi pogula ku banja la chip: MIFARE DESFire EV3 ya 13.56 MHz njira yolowera, kapena EM4200 ya 125 kHz imodzi, osati "13.56 MHz khadi yopanda kanthu." Chifukwa chomwe izi zimapitilira semantics: makhadi a RFID osindikizidwa opanda kanthu ndi gulu locheperako, ndipo kuganiza kuti khadi iliyonse yoyera idzadutsa pa chosindikizira chanu ndi malo oyamba kulakwika mwakachetechete.

 

Miyeso Sikisi Imene Imasankhadi Izi

 

Kuyerekeza kothandiza kumadutsa mizere itatu yanthawi zonse ya kusinthasintha, mtengo, ndi mawonekedwe. Umu ndi momwe zosankha ziwirizi zimakhalira pazifukwa zomwe wogula amayankhapo:

 

Dimension	Makhadi opanda kanthu (mumasindikiza + encode)	{{0}makadi osindikizidwa kale (kufakitale-kutha)
Kusintha mwamakonda	Pamwamba; kapangidwe ndi deta zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofunidwa, zimasinthidwa nthawi iliyonse	Zokhazikika pa dongosolo; zosintha zimafuna kuyambika kwatsopano
Pa-mtengo wakhadi	Otsika kamodzi amortized, koma amanyamula zipangizo ndi consumables	Zapamwamba pagawo lililonse, popanda zida zokhala nazo
Nthawi yotsogolera ndi MOQ	Stock kamodzi, tulutsani nthawi yomweyo; otsika ogwira osachepera	Masiku mpaka masabata pakuyitanitsa; apamwamba osachepera luso mwambo
Brand ndi kumaliza	Zimatengera chosindikizira chanu; malire m'lifupi ndi khalidwe zimasiyana	Zosasintha, m'mphepete-ku-m'mphepete, mwaukadaulo
Kuwongolera chitetezo	Mumagwira makiyi a encoding ndi data	Ma encodes ogulitsa; mumakhulupirira makiyi awo
Eni ake a data	Ulamuliro wathunthu wakudera pa zomwe zikugwera pa chip chilichonse	Zogawana ndi zomwe opanga amapanga

 

Werengani mizere yachitetezo ndi data isanakwane mzere wamtengo. Mutu wamutu chifukwa ntchito zambiri zimasankha makhadi a RFID opanda kanthu kuti aziwongolera nthawi zambiri si mtengo wagawo; ikusunga encoding ndi kasamalidwe kofunikira mkati mwa makoma awo anayi. Ndipo mutenge mzere wachitetezowo ngati-wongokambirana m'malo mokhala ngati mgwirizano umodzi pakati pa zisanu ndi chimodzi: pachitseko chilichonse{3}}ntchito yofikira, aliyense amene ali ndi makiyi a encoding amayang'anira makinawo, kuti mzere umodzi ukhazikitse chitsanzocho musanayese ena asanu.

 

Masamu a Mtengo Palibe Amene Amayika Polemba

 

Magulu oyerekeza opanda kanthu motsutsana ndi makhadi a RFID amadula pafupifupi nthawi zonse amakhala pafunso lomwelo: ndi nambala iti yomwe ndimayambira? Nayi mtundu woyera. Kutengera ndi data ya Syntek's B2B ya 2026, siyana-potengera mitengo yosindikizidwa ya osindikiza ndi zinthu zina, makadi a RFID osajambulidwa opanda kanthu omwe mumawasinthitsa amayamba kufika $0.45 mpaka $0.95 pakhadi kamodzi riboni ndi chosindikizira zitapindidwa, motsutsana ndi pafupifupi $3.50 mpaka $3.50 ya $3.50 yonse. -khadi losungidwa laperekedwa litakonzeka kutulutsidwa. Pa-mtengo wa mayunitsi okha, uku ndikosiyana{12}}ku{13}}kasanu.

 

Nambala imeneyo ndi msampha ngati musiya kuwerenga pamenepo, ndipo masamu amangogwira ntchito mukangogula makina oyenera. Cholowa-chindunji chachindunji-ku-printer yamakhadi yokhala ndi encoder imatenga $1,500 mpaka $2,000, pomwe chigawo chotha kutumiza{8}}chimaliziro chonse cha magazi chomwe takambirana m'chigawo chotsatira chimayamba pafupi ndi $3,000. Tengani gawo lolowera ndi $ 3 mpaka $ 6 kupulumutsa pa khadi, ndipo chosindikizira chimachotsa mtengo wake penapake pakati pa 250 ndi 650 makadi; ngati kapangidwe kanu kakufunika kocheperako-kuti{16}}kusindikizidwe m'mphepete, sungani mtengo wotumizira kuti muwerengetse musanakhulupirire zotsatira. Kufalikira pulogalamu yomwe imayenda kwa zaka zambiri, ndichifukwa chake malire amakhala pafupi ndi makhadi zana pamwezi m'malo mokhala ndi malingaliro osadziwika bwino a "voliyumu yayikulu." Pansi pake, kugulitsa kunja kumapambana; pamwamba pake, mlandu woyitanitsa makadi a RFID ambiri opanda kanthu kumakhala kovuta kutsutsana nawo.

 

Tsamba lathu lamtengo wapatali la makhadi a RFID opanda kanthu, opangidwa ndi banja la chip ndi gawo la voliyumu, ndichinthu chomwe timayika pamodzi popempha m'malo mosindikiza; chiwerengero choyenera chimadalira pa owerenga omwe alipo, omwe magawo awiri otsatirawa adzakuthandizani kuti mutsimikize.

 

"Osindikizidwa" Ndi Mawu Omwe Amawotcha Ntchito

 

Kwa magulu omwe akukonzekera kusindikiza makadi a RFID mu-nyumba, kulingalira komwe kumawononga ndalama zambiri ndikosavuta: khadi lopanda kanthu ndi khadi lopanda kanthu, kotero lidzasindikizidwa. Ndikolakwika nthawi zambiri kukonzekera mozungulira.

 

 

Sizinthu zonse zopanda kanthu zomwe zimapangidwira kuti zisindikizidwe. Makhadi ena oyandikana nawo amagulitsidwa momveka bwino ngati{1}osasindikiza, ndipo kuwakakamiza kudzera pa inkijeti kapena kuboola polowera kumene mlongoti umayendera kumawawononga. Makhadi oti asindikizidwe amakhala ndi malo osindikizira oyenera kapena pamwamba pake, ndipo ngakhale zitatero, mawu osindikizidwa amakana pamtengo wokwera kuposa makadi a fakitale{3}}omalizidwa. Zopanga zathu zimakhala kuti kusiyana kumakhala 2% mpaka 5% pazokha-zoyera zosindikizidwa ndi zosachepera 1% pamakadi afakitale-omaliza, chifukwa fumbi lililonse limawonekera pagawo loyera lomwe lasindikizidwa kumene; pamakadi 500-opereka makadi omwe awonongeka makadi khumi mpaka makumi awiri{12}}ndi-maseti a riboni musanawerenge ntchito yosindikizanso. Palinso denga labwino lokhazikitsidwa ndi zida zanu. Mwachindunji-ku-osindikiza makadi akanikizire mutu pakhadiyo ndi kuyimitsa mamilimita pang'ono pafupi ndi m'mphepete, ndikusiya malire opyapyala, pomwe kusindikizanso kumayika chithunzicho pafilimu kaye ndikuchigudubuza m'mphepete kuti mupeze zotsatira zenizeni, pamtengo wokwera pamakina aliwonse (Wikipedia). Ngati pulani yanu ikufunika m'mphepete-kuti-mtundu wa m'mphepete, chosindikizira chotsika mtengo komanso mulu wa makadi opanda kanthu a RFID osindikizidwa sizingakufikitseni kumeneko.

 

Kusintha kwina kwina kumasintha-chuma chanyumba: kaya mumasindikiza ndikusindikiza pakadutsa kamodzi. Magawo ophatikizika amayikodi amalemba tchipisi pomwe pamwamba isindikiza, ndikugwetsa masitepe awiri kukhala imodzi, pomwe kusindikiza-kenako-kayendetsedwe ka ntchito kamene kamawonjezera nthawi yogwirizira pa khadi. Lingani izi ku chiyerekezo chilichonse cha ogwira ntchito musanaganize kuti kudzisindikiza nokha makadi a RFID opanda kanthu ndi njira yotsika mtengo.

 

Mafupipafupi ndi Mapangidwe: Msampha Wogwirizana

 

Njira yachangu kwambiri yobweretsera makhadi osachita chilichonse ndikusokoneza mbali ya wailesi. Mafupipafupi amabwera poyamba. Low-mafupipafupi 125 kHz, okwera-mafupipafupi 13.56 MHz, ndi UHF iliyonse imalankhula kwa owerenga osiyanasiyana, ndipo khadi yomwe ili mu bandi yolakwika imakhala yosawoneka ku hardware yanu. Lingaliro losankhira apa likuwonetsa zomwe tidakonzeraEM{{0}kutengera makadi owongolera anthu, komwe kufananiza chip ndi maziko owerengera oyika ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa mzere uliwonse papepala.

 

Format ndiye msampha wosawoneka bwino. Makhadi olowera amakhala ndi khodi yosungira, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala ya Wiegand monga 26-bit H10301, yophatikizidwa ndi khodi ya malo, ndipo katundu nthawi zambiri amatumizidwa ndi code yokhazikika pokhapokha mutanena mosiyana. Onjezani makadi a RFID opanda kanthu m'njira yomwe mapanelo anu samayembekezera, ndipo amawerengedwa ngati zidziwitso zosadziwika pakhomo lililonse. Tsimikizirani ma frequency, chip family, format, ndi code code motsutsana ndi owerenga anu omwe alipo kale dongosolo lisanalowe, osatero.

 

Chitetezo Chimakhala mu Chip, Osati Kusindikiza

 

Apa ndipamene mkangano wopanda kanthu{{0}ndi- - usanayambe{2}} umasiya kugwira ntchito mwakachetechete. Kaya khadi amavala logo alibe mphamvu ngati wina angayikopere m'khola. Chip chimasankha zimenezo, ndipo panthawiyi makampaniwa amayenera kuyankha molakwika kuposa "zimadalira."

 

Sewerani makhadi oyandikira a 125 kHz ndi MIFARE Classic monga omwe asokonezedwa kale pachilichonse choteteza chuma chenicheni. Mawonekedwe a 125 kHz amawulutsa chizindikiritso chokhazikika, chosasinthika chomwe chimakopera mumasekondi, ndipo cipher ya MIFARE Classic yasweka kwa zaka; ochita kafukufuku apanganso mobwerezabwereza machitidwe amoyo (IEEE Xplore). Zinafika poipa kwambiri mu 2024, pamene hardware backdoor inavumbulutsidwa m'mitundu yambiri ya Fudan ya MIFARE Classic yomwe imathandiza kuti makadi-angopangana m'mphindi zochepa, kufika ku mahotela ndi ma netiweki odutsa m'makontinenti angapo (RFID Journal). Tchipisi izi zikupitilirabe pazifukwa zachuma, osati zaukadaulo: -kubwezeranso -kuwerenganso malo akulu ndi ndalama zambiri, motero mabungwe amakhala odziwika kwa zaka zambiri.

 

 

Chidziwitso chikatsegula chitseko, chigamulo chimodzi chomwe chimapangitsa kuti chitetezo chanu chikhale cholimba chikufikira pa chipangizo chokhala ndi zilembo zenizeni, monga MIFARE DESFire EV2 kapena EV3, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito AES ndi kutsimikizirana ndipo ilibe fanizo lothandizira. Kusankha makhadi opanda kanthu a RFID a malo otetezedwa ndi chitetezo chifukwa mumasunga makiyi, koma pokhapokha ngati chip pansi chili choyenera kutetezedwa. Momwe kusankha kwa chip ndi makonda amtundu kumalumikizirana pa zotetezedwa zoyera, kalozera wathuchitetezo ndi makonda mu makhadi opanda kanthu anzeruamapita mulingo wozama.

 

Ndiye Ndi Iti Imene Ikukwaniradi Pulojekiti Yanu?

 

Malingaliro oyera amagwera pazochitika, osati zokonda.

 

Ngati muli ndi anthu ambiri kapena ozungulira, mabaji ogwira ntchito pazithunzi, sukulu, -anthu ambiri ogwira ntchito, ndiye kuti makadi a RFID osajambulidwa amakhala olondola nthawi zonse. Anthu atsopano amavomerezedwa tsiku lomwelo, mapangidwe amasintha popanda kuyitanitsanso, ndipo voliyumu imakhala yabwino kuposa nthawi yotsika{2}}ngakhale. Pulogalamu-yoyang'anizana ndi kasitomala ndi chithunzi chagalasi. Kwa umembala, kukhulupirika, kapena makadi amphatso, pomwe khadi ndi gawo lachidziwitso cha mtunduwu ndipo zojambulazo zakhazikika, -makadi osindikizidwa amabweretsa kusasinthika komwe{7}}kuvuta kosindikiza m'nyumba kumagwirizana, ndipo mtengo wokwera wa unit umagula kumaliza komwe mukanatha miyezi ingapo mukuthamangitsa. Makadi a kiyi kuhotelo amakhala pakati pa ziwirizi, ndipo kuyitanitsanso cadence kumapangitsa kuti izi zitheke kuposa momwe zimawonekera: 200{{10}katundu wa m'zipinda zotulutsidwanso-m'chipinda chilichonse n'kwabwino kumasunga mazana ochepa opanda kanthu a MIFARE osungika m'manja ndikukonza pulogalamu iliyonse kutsogolo kuposa kudikirira milungu iwiri mutayitanitsanso. Chitetezo chachikulu-chichotsa zonse zomwe zili pamwambapa: sankhani chip kaye ndi gawo lachitetezo, ndiyeno tsatirani kusindikiza ngati funso lachiwiri, pafupifupi lodzikongoletsa. Kukonza -chiphaso chimodzi-ndi{17}}chikhazikitso cha ma encode kuti aperekedwe pa desiki ndi mtundu wa zinthu zomwe gulu lathu limagwira poyankha mawu, osati zomwe muyenera kuchita nokha.

 

Mzere wodziwika bwino kuti izi ndi "zida zosiyanasiyana za ntchito zosiyanasiyana" ndizowona komanso zopanda ntchito pogula. Zosasintha zomwe zimagwira ntchito pamapulogalamu ambiri a B2B ofikira ndi kuzizindikiritsa ndizosungidwa zopanda kanthu, zosindikizidwa kale-zosungidwa-zojambula, makasitomala{4}}zothamanga. Yambani kuchokera pazosasinthazo ndikulola chizindikiro chenicheni kapena chofunikira chachitetezo kukutsutsani.

 

Musanayitanitse: Mndandanda Wothandizira

 

Mulimonse momwe mungakhazikitsire, zokambirana za ogulitsa ziyenera kukhudzanso zomwezo, ndipo mafunsowa amalekanitsa wogulitsa amene wayendetsa ntchito izi ndi yemwe akugulitsanso mabokosi:

 

• Banja la Chip ndi mafupipafupi atsimikiziridwa motsutsana ndi owerenga anu omwe adayikidwa, polemba
• Mawonekedwe a encoding ndi nambala ya malo atchulidwa, osasiyidwa mwachisawawa
• Kuti musindikize nokha, chitsimikiziro cholembedwa kuti katunduyo ndi wosindikiza, ndi pamwamba kapena pamwamba pa dzina
• Makhadi azitsanzo amayenda kudzera pa chosindikizira chanu ndi owerenga musanapereke voliyumu iliyonse
• Nthawi yotsogolera ndi kuchuluka kwa dongosolo locheperako zomwe zanenedwa koyamba ndi kubwereza maoda
• Munthu wotchulidwa paukadaulo pagawo la mawu, yemwe adzafunika kutsimikizira kusankhidwa kwa chip, khodi ya malo, ndi kugwirizana kwa kusindikiza kusanachitike.

 

Mzere wotsiriza umenewo ndi pamene wopanga amapeza dongosolo. Tapanga makadi a RFID kuyambira 2006 motsogozedwa ndi ISO-kupanga zinthu motsogozedwa ndi ophatikiza, mahotela, masukulu, ndi mwayi-okhazikitsa okhazikitsa, ndipo gawo lomwe limadetsa{4}}chiwopsezo chachikulu ndikutsanzira: timatumiza zitsanzo zikuyenda mkati mwa masiku atatu kapena asanu abizinesi, ndi dongosolo loyamba lopanga la 5,000 lamakasitomala mpaka masiku asanu ndi awiri aukadaulo mpaka kumaliza masiku asanu ndi awiri pakugwiritsa ntchito makadi abizinesi. 10,000. Ngati mukutsamira-kudzilembera nokha, thamanganikatundu wosasindikizidwa wakonzeka kulowa-mu encoding ya m'nyumbaamakulolani kulamulira deta kuchokera kumapeto mpaka kumapeto; ngati mungakonde kusanja pa SKU imodzi yoyera{{0}pakhadi yoyera m'madipatimenti athublank chip card katundu woperekedwa mochulukiraimapangidwa kuti isindikizidwe ndikusindikiza bwino. Mulimonsemo, funsani chitsanzo musanagule oda.

Lumikizanani tsopano