Kodi Near Field Communication (NFC) ndi chiyani?

Near Field Communication (NFC) ndiukadaulo wamfupi-wotengera mawayilesi opanda zingwe kutengera13.56 MHzkuyankhulana pafupipafupi. NFC ndiukadaulo wopanda kulumikizana, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'magawo monga kulumikizana kwa ma tag, njira zowongolera mwayi wofikira, chithandizo chamankhwala, makuponi, zoyendera za anthu onse ndi njira zapansi panthaka, kulipira, ndi zinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi ogula.

 

 

Zoyambira ndi Chitukuko

 

Malinga ndi data, kafukufuku wina waukadaulo wa NFC-woyang'ana kutsogolo anali atayamba kale2002, koma lingaliro lokhazikika la NFC lidalengezedwa pamodziMarichi 18, 2004, paPhilips Semiconductors(tsopano NXP Semiconductors),Nokia,ndiSony, amene adakhazikitsanso-bungwe lopanda phinduNFC Forum. Ukadaulo woyambira wa NFC womwe umatanthauzidwa ndiukadaulo wa NFC sunapangidwe ndikukonzekera kuyambira pachiyambi, koma udasinthika kutengera zomwe zidalipo kale.13.56 MHz popanda kulumikizana ndi Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)luso, komanso akwaniritsa woona kumbuyo ndi patsogolo luso ngakhale. Pankhani ya chilengedwe chonse komanso kusinthika, zidapangidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi matekinoloje ambiri ndi zinthu zomwe zilipo pamsika momwe zingathere, monga kuthandizira kuwerengera kwamakhadi osungidwa omwe alipo mongaMifare Ultralight, Topazi, Mifare Desfire, Felica, etc., komanso kuthandizira kuwerenga kwaJAVA makadi (CPU makadi)kutengera ma standard GP.

 

Mbiri Yakale

 

Kuyambira pomwe bwaloli linakhazikitsidwa mu 2004 mpaka pano, ukadaulo wa NFC wadutsa zaka zopitilira khumi ndi ziwiri. Panthawiyi, makampaniwa adakumana ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana, zina kuchokera pamipikisano yaukadaulo ya IP, komanso zina kuchokera pamipikisano yamabizinesi. Apa ndikofunikira kuti tiwunikenso zakale ndi zamakono za NFC. Pansipa pali zochitika zingapo zodziwika bwino komanso nthawi ya NFC:

2004- NFC Forum yakhazikitsidwa movomerezeka

2006- Nokia yatulutsa foni yoyamba yothandizira NFC (Nokia 6131i)

2010- Google yatulutsa foni yoyamba yothandizira NFC (Nexus S)

2010- NFC protocol stack yophatikizidwa mwachisawawa pamakhodi a Android

2011- Google yatulutsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito Google Wallet kutengera chinthu chotetezedwa ndi NFC

2013- Mapulogalamu a Android otengera Host Card Emulation (HCE) mu mtundu wa KitKat 4.4

2014- IPhone 6 ya Apple ndi mzere wonse wazogulitsa umagwirizana ndiukadaulo wa NFC

2016- Apple idakhazikitsa Apple Pay potengera ukadaulo wa NFC ku China

 

Zopereka zochokera kumakampani apanyumba

 

Kuyang'ana pazidziwitso zomwe zili pamwambazi, sizipezekanso zamakampani apanyumba. Kutengera momwe zimakhudzira momwe zimakhudzira, maudindo amakampani apanyumba ndiwo amatsatiradi. Ngati tingogwiritsa ntchito mfundoyi kuyesa makampani apakhomo, izi zingakhale zopanda chilungamo.

Panthawi yomwe msika wa NFC unatsika, makampani opanga mafoni a m'manja anali kugulitsa ndalama ndikuthandizira, makamakaChina Mobile, China Unicom,ndiMalingaliro a kampani China Telecomkuthandizira mosalekeza kwaSWP-SIM yankhoMafoni a NFC. Kuyankha kwenikweni kwa ntchito ya msika ndi chidziwitso cha yankho lomaliza ndi nkhani ina, koma poyang'ana mmbuyo tsopano, idachita mbali yofunika kwambiri pamakampani onse, osatsogolera ku zotsatira za kutha kwa m'badwo.

 

 

Oyendetsa Msika ndi Mapulogalamu

 

Zomwe zili pamwambazi zimangolemba zochitika zazikulu ndi ma node akuluakulu omwe adakhudza zochitika zamakampani. Ponena za ma node omwe ali pamwambawa komanso ofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa msika wa NFC wokhala ndi zida komanso kuchuluka kwa ma activation, sikovuta kuwona kuti injini ziwiri zazikulu zothamangitsira zidali motsatana.kufika kwa mafonindikukhazikitsa malipiro a mafoni. Chifukwa chake n'chakuti yoyambayo idafewetsa zovuta za kuphatikiza ukadaulo wa NFC, pomwe yomalizayo idayamba kuchokera pazomwe ogwiritsa ntchito adakumana nazo kuti aphatikize mapulogalamu ena olipira opanda kulumikizana ndi mafoni, monga kuphatikiza makhadi oyendera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi ndi ma chip bank card application. Pakadali pano, kuthandizira kwaukadaulo wa NFC wowoneka bwino pamachitidwe oyerekeza makhadi kumabweretsa kumasuka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, kutsegulira ndi kuyitanitsa makadi a anthu onse kumatha kumalizidwa pamapulogalamu amafoni osafunikira kukhala pamzere pamasiteshoni owonjezera. Mafoni omwe ali ndi ntchito zolipirira za NFC amatha kumaliza kuchita zinthu ndi makadi akubanki osalumikizana nawo m'makina ambiri a POS, komanso makadi a pa intaneti omwe amathandizidwa-panthawiyinanso ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri yophatikiza chitetezo ndi zochitika. Kuchokera pamakhadi omwe akuwoneka pa intaneti-mavoliyumu omwe alipo pano, iyi ikhoza kukhala gawo lalikulu kwambiri mtsogolo.

 

NFC Chipangizo Makhalidwe

 

NFC Forum imatanthauzira mipiringidzo itatu yayikulu pazida za NFC:njira yowerengera / kulemba pama tag akunja akhadi, njira yolumikizirana ndi anzanu-ndi{1}}pakati pa zida,ndinjira yomwe chipangizocho chimathandizira kutsanzira kwamakhadi.

Kuwerenga/Kulemba

Munjira yowerengera / kulemba yomwe imatanthauzidwa ndi forum, pakadali pano yokha4 mitundu yama tagamafotokozedwa. Zipangizo za NFC pamsika nthawi zambiri zimathandizira kuposa mitundu inayi ya ma tag; kwenikweni, iwo amathandiza kwambiri. Koma mosasamala kanthu, pakati pa mitundu 4 ya ma tag, umisiri wamagetsi wawayilesiTag1/2/4zonse zakhazikika paISO/IEC 14443, pameneTag3ndi ukadaulo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ku Japan, motsata ndondomeko(JIS) X 6319-4.

Mnzanu-ku-Mnzanu

Mnzake-ku{1}}machitidwe ogwirira ntchito amayenera kutsata zomwe zanenedwaISO/IEC 18092. M'malo mwake, ukadaulo wolumikizana ndi ma radio frequency adapanganso zosintha zazing'onoISO/IEC 14443ndi(JIS) X 6319-4kenako anaziphatikiza pamodzi. Chifukwa cha zifukwa za ntchito, ndinali ndi mwayi wolankhulana ndi ogwira ntchito omwe adatenga nawo mbali pazokambirana zofotokozera izi. Pafupifupi, panthawiyo, Philips ndi Sony anali kuyesa kupeza mfundo yaukadaulo yomwe ingamangirire mbali zonse ziwiri, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana bwino komanso kulumikizana pakati pa zida zothandizira ISO/IEC 14443 ndi (JIS) X 6319-4 motsatana ndi mbali zonse ziwiri. Pambuyo pake, mnzawo-ndi{8}}apeza malo olowera. Kuyang'ana mwaukadaulo, ukadaulo woyambira pawailesi yakanema-ndi-mnzake akadali mitundu iwiriyi.

Khadi Emulation Mode

Pankhani yotsanzira makhadi, malinga ndi miyezo, zimatengera zomwe amakonda kapena zolinga. NFC Forum palokha simatanthawuza ndikulongosola ukadaulo wa ntchitoyi, kotero ngati mukufuna kumvetsetsa zambiri zaukadaulo, muyenera kuphunzira ndikuphunzira.Zotsatira za GPndiMiyezo ya khadi ya JAVA. Kutengera kuyankha kwa msika wa bukhuli, ndilingalira ngati ndingalembe buku lofotokoza zambiri pankhaniyi; zonsezi ndi zam'tsogolo. Ziribe kanthu kuti mukufuna kutsanzira mulingo wotani kapena mtundu wanji wa khadi, pamapeto pake zonse ndi za ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri kuti azigwiritsa ntchito ndikusinthiratu. Koma machitidwe ambiri a banki a POS ndi njira zoyendera anthu pamsika ndizokhazikika paISO/IEC 14443 muyezo.

 

 

Kutalikirana kwa Kuyankhulana ndi Kuthamanga Kwambiri

 

Kutengera ndiISO/IEC 14443 tsatanetsatane, kunena kuti mtunda wolankhulana ukhoza kufika pafupifupi10cm pa. Izi ndi zongoyerekeza kutengera gawo laulere komanso lotseguka lawayilesi. M'malo mwake, zida za NFC zomwe zilipo pamsika, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwazinthu komanso zovuta zamawayilesi onse, mtunda wolumikizana wazinthu zomaliza ndi wocheperako kuposa mtengo wamaganizidwe awa. Mtunda wolankhulirana wochita bwino pazida za NFC zomwe zikuwoneka pamsika uli pakati2-4 cm. Kusunga mkati4cm paNdilonso mndandanda womwe NFC Forum imalimbikitsa. Kutulutsa kwa data pamaulendo onse omwe alipo ndi mabanki omwe amawoneka ali mkatimazana angapo mabayiti. Ndiko kunena kuti, ngakhale wowerenga POS ndi NFC chipangizo kugwirana chanza pa mlingo otsika kwambiri kulankhulana106 kbps, ntchito yonse yamalizidwa mkatimilliseconds. Ndi mtunda womwewo wa mtunda wolumikizirana komanso kuthamanga kwapaintaneti komwe kumapereka maziko abwino kwa ogwiritsa ntchito pamakadi osalumikizana nawo.

Chifukwa chake, machitidwe atatuwa amagwira ntchito pafupifupi onse otengera matekinoloje amtundu wa wailesi.