IC Card vs ID Card: Momwe Mungasankhire Khadi Loyenera Lofikira Padongosolo Lanu
Apr 23, 2026
Siyani uthenga
Ngati nyumba yanu ikugwiritsabe ntchito makadi a ID a 125 kHz powongolera mwayi wofikira, nazi mfundo yofunika kudziwa: chipangizo chogwira m'manja chomwe chili pansi pa $15 chimatha kupanga khadi yanu pasanathe masekondi 60. Khadi lopangidwa lija limatsegula chitseko chilichonse chomwe choyambirira chimachitira. Kwa oyang'anira malo omwe angovomereza kuyitanitsa kwamakadi ambiri kuti asunge mtengo wa unit, mtengo weniweni umawonekera pambuyo pake, pomwe dongosolo lonse liyenera kuchotsedwa ndikusinthidwa.
Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza kusiyana kwenikweni pakati pa makadi a IC ndi makadi a ID, osati mtundu wa pepala, koma kusiyana komwe kumakhudza chisankho chanu, chitetezo cha makina anu, ndi mtengo wanu wonse wa umwini.
IC Card ndi ID Card: Kusiyana Kwakukulu mu Masekondi 30
Chiphaso
(125 kHz, mwachitsanzo, EM4100/TK4100): Imasunga nambala yokhazikika yokha. Khadiyi imaulutsa nambalayi kwa wowerenga aliyense mosiyanasiyana. Palibe kubisa, palibe kulemba, palibe kutsimikizira kugwirana chanza. Wowerenga amangoyang'ana ngati nambalayo ikugwirizana ndi zomwe zili mu database.
IC khadi
(13.56 MHz, mwachitsanzo, MIFARE Classic/DESFire): Muli kachipangizo kakang'ono kakang'ono kamene kamawerengeka komanso kulembedwa kogawidwa m'magawo odziyimira pawokha. Imathandizira kubisa, kutsimikizirana pakati pa khadi ndi owerenga, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito-mapulogalamu angapo pakhadi limodzi.
Ndilo yankho labukhu. Koma ngati mukuwunika izi kuti zitumizidwe kwenikweni, bukuli silikuwuzani zomwe zikulakwika, kapena zomwe zili zofunika pa bajeti yanu.
Zosiyanasiyana Zisanu Zogula Sizidzakuuzani
Access Card Security SiBinary - Ndi Spectrum
Kulakwitsa kofala kwambiri pakugula makhadi: pongoganiza kuti "IC khadi=yotetezeka, ID khadi=si yotetezeka." Zowona ndi zosanjikiza kuposa izo.
Ma ID makadi ali ndi ziro encryption. Wowerenga aliyense wa 125 kHz, kapena chojambula cham'manja cha $15, amawerenga ndikubwereza nambala ya sirio. Palibe njira yoletsera izi pamlingo wamakhadi chifukwa khadi ilibe njira yotsimikizira.
Makhadi a IC ndi otetezeka kwambiri, koma zochuluka bwanji zimatengera chip chomwe mwasankha. MIFARE Classic, yomwe ndi IC chip yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, imagwiritsa ntchito njira yobisira yotchedwa CRYPTO1 yomwe inali yosinthiratu{2}}yopangidwa ndi akatswiri ofufuza a pa yunivesite ya Radboud m'chaka cha 2008. Masiku ano, zida monga Flipper Zero zimatha kupezanso makiyi a MIFARE Classic ndi makadi opanga zinthu popanda zida zapadera.
Mu Ogasiti 2024, zinthu zidaipiraipira: Akatswiri ofufuza a Quarkslab adapeza tchipisi cha Fudan FM11RF08S, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi MIFARE Classic-kuchokera ku Shanghai Fudan Microelectronics. Khomo lakumbuyoli limalola aliyense amene ali ndi chidziwitso cha kiyi imodzi yapadziko lonse lapansi kuti asokoneze ogwiritsa ntchito-makiyi ofotokozedwa pamakhadiwa m'mphindi zochepa. Tchipisi zomwe zakhudzidwa zimayikidwa m'mahotela, maofesi, ndi njira zoyendera kudutsa US, Europe, China, ndi India.
Izi zikutanthauza chiyani pakusankha kwanu kogula zinthu:
Ngati wina akugwira mawu "makadi a IC" osatchula mtundu wa chip ndi mulingo wake wotsimikizira chitetezo, simukukweza chitetezo. Mukupeza khadi yodula kwambiri yomwe ingakhale pachiwopsezo. Miyezo yachitetezo cha IC khadi ndi:
| Mulingo wachitetezo | Chip Zitsanzo | Kubisa | Oyenera Kwa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Palibe | EM4100, TK4100 (makadi a ID) | Palibe | Kuyimika magalimoto, kutentha kwa alendo kumadutsa |
| Cholowa (chosokoneza) | MIFARE Classic 1K/4K | CRYPTO1 (yosweka) | Kusapezeka-nthawi yachitetezo chochepa |
| Pakati-level | MIFARE Plus (SL3 mode) | Chithunzi cha AES-128 | Kufikira kuofesi, makadi akusukulu |
| Wapamwamba | MIFARE DESFire EV2/EV3 (EAL5+ yovomerezeka) | AES-128, mgwirizano wogwirizana | Malo opangira data, malo azachuma |
| Wapamwamba kwambiri | Makhadi a CPU (Java Card) | PKI{{0}wokhoza | Boma, asilikali |
Tsatanetsatane imodzi yomwe tebulo silingawonetse: MIFARE Plus ili ndi magawo atatu achitetezo (SL1, SL2, SL3), koma ophatikiza ambiri amatumiza makhadi a Plus mumayendedwe a SL1 kuti agwirizane ndi owerenga omwe alipo kale. Mumayendedwe a SL1, chitetezo cha khadi chimakhala chofanana ndi MIFARE Classic. Izi ndizochitika zodziwika bwino za "kukweza kwapadera pamapepala, palibe kukweza muzochita". Nthawi zonse tsimikizirani kuti ndi gawo liti lachitetezo lomwe layatsidwa, osati mtundu wa chip womwe umasindikizidwa pakutsimikizira dongosolo.
Syntek imapereka makhadi ofikira pamagawo onse asanu omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa, kuchokeraEM4100/TK4100 ID khadikudzera MIFARE DESFire EV2/EV3 ndiMakadi a CPU owongolera-chitetezo chapamwamba. Khadi iliyonse ya IC imatumiza ndi mtundu wa chip wosindikizidwa pacholembera, chifukwa khadi yopanda chip yolembedwa ndi khadi yomwe simungathe kutsimikizira.
"Khadi Lotsika Kwambiri" Limawononga Kwambiri M'kupita Kwanthawi
Pa $0.08–0.15 pa yuniti iliyonse ya makadi a ID a EM4100 motsutsana ndi $0.30–0.60 ya MIFARE DESFire, pa-kadi yosungidwa pa 5,000-makadi oda kuoneka ngati yeniyeni. Koma mtengo wa pakhadi ndi mzere umodzi wokha pa pepala la mtengo wonse.
Machitidwe a makadi a ID amasunga ziro deta pa khadi lokha. Chisankho chilichonse chofikira chimafuna kuti owerenga afufuze nkhokwe yapakati munthawi yeniyeni. Izi zikutanthauza kuti wowerenga aliyense amafunikira kulumikizidwa kwa netiweki (kuchulukirachulukira, malo olephera), kukulitsa kachitidwe kumatanthawuza kulumikiza owerenga atsopano ku seva, ndipo palibe ntchito yapaintaneti: ngati netiweki ikutsika, zitseko zimakhala zokhoma kapena zosasintha kuti zitseguke.
Makadi a IC amasunga zilolezo pa khadi. Owerenga amatha kupanga zisankho zofikira kwanuko. Kukulitsa dongosolo kumatanthauza kutumiza owerenga ndikusintha magawo a makadi, palibe cabling yatsopano ku seva yofunikira.
Kampani yoyang'anira malo ku Shenzhen idapeza izi pambuyo pofufuza zamkati kuti garaja yawo yoimika magalimoto ikupereka ziphaso zochulukirapo pamwezi kuposa zomwe zidalembedwa. Kafukufuku adapeza kusiyana kwa ogwira ntchito omwe amajambula ma ID 125 kHz pogwiritsa ntchito makhadi opanda kanthu ochokera ku Taobao. Chifukwa makadi analibe encryption, panalibe chotchinga chaukadaulo: aliyense wokhala ndi $ 15 cloner atha kupanga kopi yogwira ntchito. Kampaniyo inachotsa makadi onse a ID ndi-kutumizidwa ndi makhadi obisika a IC, kulipira kawiri pazomwe zimayenera kuchitika kamodzi.
Angapo-Kugwiritsa Ntchito: Khadi Limodzi, Makina Angapo
Magawo khumi ndi asanu ndi limodzi odziyimira pawokha. Izi ndi zomwe khadi yokhazikika ya MIFARE Classic 1K IC imakupatsirani, ndipo gawo lililonse limatha kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ina ndi makiyi ake obisala: kuwongolera mwayi pagawo 1, kupezeka kwa nthawi pagawo 2, kulipira kwa cafeteria pagawo 3.
Makhadi a ID sangachite izi. Khadi limodzi, nambala imodzi ya seriyoni, ntchito imodzi. Ngati mukufuna kuwonjezera malipiro a cafeteria ku makina anu olowera, mungapereke khadi lachiwiri kapena kusintha malo onse.
Kwa ma campus ndi mafakitale oyendetsa malo omwe "limodzi{{0}khadi{1}}la-zonse" ndicho cholinga, ichi chokha chikuletsa ma ID makadi a 125 kHz. Syntek imapanga -makadi a IC ambiri ndi makadi apawiri-mafupipafupi omwe amaphatikiza chip 125 kHz ndi 13.56 MHz chip pa gulu limodzi lamakhadi, zomwenso ndi momwe kusamuka kwamagawo kumagwirira ntchito.
Chifukwa Chake Njira Yanu Yofikira Pamsewu Ikulamulira Makhadi A ID
Mafoni am'manja a antchito anu amagwiritsa ntchito NFC pa 13.56 MHz, ma frequency ofanana ndi makadi a IC. Izi zikutanthauza kuti makhadi a IC atha kuperekedwa ku mafoni, kupangitsa kuti NFC- ipezeke pogwiritsa ntchito foni yam'manja popanda makhadi enieni.
Makhadi a ID pa 125 kHz sawoneka ndi mafoni a NFC hardware. Palibe njira yothetsera vutoli. Ngati misewu yanu ikuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito mafoni mkati mwa zaka zitatu kapena zisanu zikubwerazi, makina a ID a 125 kHz ndizovuta. Kuti muwone mozama momwe NFC imagwirira ntchito mkati mwazinthu zowongolera, onani Syntek'skuyambika kwa machitidwe owongolera a RFID.
Chifukwa Chake Njira Yanu Yofikira Pamsewu Ikulamulira Makhadi A ID
Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito makadi a ID a 125 kHz ndipo mipata yachitetezo ikukukhudzani, kusinthiratu makina si njira yokhayo. Owerenga pawiri-owerenga pafupipafupi amatha kugwiritsa ntchito makadi onse a 125 kHz ndi 13.56 MHz nthawi imodzi. Kuphatikizana ndi makadi-awiri pafupipafupi (khadi limodzi lophatikizira ID ndi IC chip), mutha kusamutsa ogwiritsa ntchito pang'onopang'ono: osadutsitsa -tsiku limodzi, palibe kusokoneza kwa ntchito.
Kusamuka kwapawiri-kumatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kumadalira kuchuluka kwa malo olowera, kuchuluka kwa ogwira ntchito, komanso ngati pulogalamu yanu yakumbuyo ikufunika kusinthidwa. Nyumba ya ofesi ya zitseko za 20-itha kutha m'miyezi itatu. Malo osungiramo zinthu zambiri-okhala ndi anthu ogwira ntchito kunja komanso chiwongola dzanja chambiri chingatengere chaka chimodzi kuti mungosiya makhadi akale ambiri. Chodziwika bwino ndichakuti njira yapawiri-kawirikawiri imakulolani kuti mufalitse ndalama zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito potengera bajeti yanu m'malo mozitenga ngati ndalama imodzi.
Pamene ID Makhadi Akadali Omveka
Sikuti zochitika zonse zimafunikira IC-mulingo wachitetezo. Sefa yosankha mwachangu:
Sankhani ma ID makadi a 125 kHz ngati
Mukuyang'anira malo oimikapo magalimoto okhala ndi chitetezo chochepa, mwayi wofikira alendo kwakanthawi komwe makhadi amasonkhanitsidwa ndikutulutsidwanso tsiku lililonse (chiwopsezo chopanga makhadi ndi chocheperako chifukwa moyo wamakadi ndi waufupi), kapena bajeti-yocheperako pomwe zowerengera zomwe zilipo ndi 125 kHz ndipo palibe dongosolo lowonjezera-ntchito zambiri.
Sankhani makhadi a IC ngati
chilichonse mwa izi chikugwira ntchito: malo anu ali ndi madera omwe mwayi wosaloledwa umapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala ndi ngongole (zipinda za seva, ma lab, malo apamwamba); mufunika khadi limodzi kuti mugwiritse ntchito njira zowongolera, kupezeka, ndi kulipira; ndondomeko yanu yachitetezo imafuna njira zowerengera pa khadi; kapena mukuyembekeza kukhala ndi mwayi wofikira ku NFC pasanathe zaka zitatu.
Ngati zosowa zanu zigwera mu gulu lachiwiri, funso lotsatira si "IC kapena ID" koma "Chip IC tier imagwirizana ndi mbiri yanu yowopsa." Onani pa tebulo lachitetezo pamwambapa ndikubweretsa pazokambirana zanu zamalonda.
Momwe Mungatsimikizire Zomwe Mukupeza
Musanapereke oda ya makadi ofikira ambiri, tsimikizirani zinthu zitatu ndi ogulitsa anu:
Chip chitsanzo, osati "IC khadi."
Funsani chip chapadera: MIFARE Classic, MIFARE Plus, DESFire EV2, kapena china. Ngati wogulitsa sangatchule, mwina akungosankha njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri. Ku Syntek, mawu aliwonse ogwidwa amatchula mtundu weniweni wa chip ndi NXP-zotsatira zotsatirika, chifukwa timafuna izi kuchokera kwa ogulitsa ma chip athu osalandira zinthu zomwe zikubwera.
Mfungulo woyambitsa umwini.
Ndani amakonza makiyi achinsinsi, wopanga kapena inu? Ngati makhadi atumizidwa ndi makiyi osasinthika osasinthika, makhadi anu "obisika" amakhala pachiwopsezo ngati ma ID. Zomwe anapeza mu 2024 Fudan backdoor anapeza kuti ngakhale tchipisi togulitsidwa ngati "zolimba" zimatha kukhala pachiwopsezo cha mafakitale-pagulu. Tawonapo ogula akulandira makhadi a DESFire EV2 kuchokera kwa ogulitsa ena komwe magawo onse amakhalabe ndi makiyi osasintha a fakitale ya NXP, chifukwa makina ophatikizira sanagwirizane ndi makiyi achizolowezi. Anachita kusintha mavenda ndi-kukaditsanso ntchito yonse.
Kugwirizana kwa owerenga.
Tsimikizirani kuchuluka kwa owerenga anu omwe alipo komanso thandizo la protocol musanayitanitsa. Khadi la 13.56 MHz IC lophatikizidwa ndi 125 kHz-owerengera okha ndi lolemera pamapepala lokwera mtengo. Ngati simukutsimikiza za owerenga omwe alipo, Syntek ikhoza kukupatsanimakhadi onse a ID ndi IC okhala ndi zolemba za chipkotero mutha kuyesa kuyanjana musanapange dongosolo lambiri.
Gawo Lotsatira
Kusankha pakati pa IC ndi ma ID makadi ndiye poyambira. Lingaliro lenileni ndiloti chip, gawo lachitetezo liti, ndi kamangidwe kamene kakugwirizana ndi malo anu enieni.
Syntek imapanga makhadi olowera kuchokera ku EM4100 kudzera pamakhadi a DESFire EV3 ndi CPU, okhala ndi makadi opitilira 3 miliyoni pamwezi. Ngati mukuwunika kutumizidwa kwatsopano kapena mukukonzekera kusamuka kuchokera ku 125 kHz,pemphani zitsanzo zaulere zokhala ndi zida zonse za Syntek RFIDkuyesa motsutsana ndi owerenga anu omwe alipo. Tiuzeni za dongosolo lanu lamakono ndipo tikupangirani chip gawo lomwe likugwirizana ndi chitetezo chanu ndi bajeti, osati njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri pa shelefu.
Tumizani kufufuza