Momwe Mungakonzere Ma Tag a NFC okhala ndi Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Chip (NTAG, MIFARE, ndi Zina)

 

Kulemba Tag Ndi Ntchito Zitatu Zosiyana, Osati Imodzi

 

Anthu akamanena kuti akufuna kupanga ma tag a NFC, nthawi zambiri amafotokoza zinthu zitatu zosiyana zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha batani lomwelo mu pulogalamu ya foni.

 

Choyamba ndikupanga. Kukumbukira kwa chipangizo cha NFC kuyenera kuuzidwa kuti malo ake ogwiritsira ntchito ali ndi uthenga wa NDEF m'malo mongotengera ma byte. Izi zimachitika polemba dongosolo laling'ono la data lomwe limadziwika kuti chidebe cha kuthekera. Pamagawo a NTAG21x, izi zachitika kale pamlingo wawafer, kotero chip imafika NDEF-yosinthidwa ndipo imangogwira NDEF. Pa MIFARE Classic ndi tchipisi zina, kupanga masanjidwe ndichinthu chomwe mumachita, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amatha nthawi imodzi-yomwe mungakonzekere. Kupanga koteroko kumakhala kokhazikika. Palibe lamulo losasinthika, ndipo palibe chida chamalonda chomwe chingakupatseni.

 

Chachiwiri ndikulemba malipiro: uthenga wa NDEF wokhala ndi mbiri imodzi kapena zingapo, nthawi zambiri mbiri ya URI yoloza ulalo. Ili ndi gawo lomwe aliyense amajambula. Zolemba za Payload nthawi zambiri zimabwerezedwa, ndichifukwa chake gulu lotsatsa litha kutumiziranso tag ya kampeni miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pambuyo pake osayitanitsanso zida.

 

Chachitatu ndikasinthidwe: ma byte achinsinsi, zotsekera, zoikamo zamagalasi, momwe mungafikire, makiyi otsimikizira. Chigawo ichi ndi pomwe zisankho zosasinthika zimakhala, ndipo ndi gawo lomwe palibe phunziro la ogula limakhudza konse. Ngati mukufuna kukonza ma tag a NFC pachilichonse chokhala ndi malire achitetezo mozungulira, gawo lokonzekera ndilo projekiti.

 

Kusunga atatuwa olekanitsidwa m'mutu mwanu ndizomwe zimalepheretsa batch kuti isachotsedwe. Zolephera zambiri zolembera zomwe timapeza sizolephera zolemetsa. Awa ndi mawonekedwe kapena mawonekedwe omwe wina samadziwa kuti alipo.

 

Mitundu ya NFC Tag Chip Poyerekeza Musanakonze

 

Lingaliro lililonse lalikulu la momwe mungakhazikitsire ma tag a NFC pamlingo woyambira ndi tebulo ili, chifukwa denga la kukumbukira ndi kuthandizira papulatifomu zimakhazikitsidwa panthawi yosankhidwa kwa chip ndipo sizingapangidwe pambuyo pake pamapulogalamu.

 

Chip	Kukumbukira kwa ogwiritsa ntchito	Mtundu wa NFC Forum	Factory NDEF state	Chinsinsi / chitetezo chachinsinsi	iPhone NDEF werengani + lembani
NTHAWI 213	144 pa	Mtundu 2	-zosinthidwa	32-bit PWD / 16-bit PACK	Inde
NTHAWI 215	504 pa	Mtundu 2	-zosinthidwa	32-bit PWD / 16-bit PACK	Inde
NTHAWI 216	888 pa	Mtundu 2	-zosinthidwa	32-bit PWD / 16-bit PACK	Inde
MIFARE Ultralight EV1	48 kapena 128 byte	Mtundu 2	Zotheka	32-bit PWD / 16-bit PACK	Inde
MIFARE Classic 1K	1,024 ma byte onse, pafupifupi 716 omwe amapezeka ku NDEF akangochotsa block block ndi ma trailer 16 agawo.	Osati mtundu wa NFC Forum	Zotheka,{{0}zotengera gawo	Makiyi a gawo la CRYPTO-1 A/B	Ayi
MIFARE DESFIRE EV3	2 KB mpaka 8 KB, fayilo-kutengera	Mtundu 4	Ntchito iyenera kupangidwa	AES-128 / 3DES, ufulu wofikira pafayilo iliyonse	Inde
NTAG 424 DNA	416 byte yonse, idagawika kukhala chidebe chokhala ndi 32-byte, fayilo ya 256-byte NDEF ndi fayilo yotetezedwa ya 128-byte	Mtundu 4	-mafayilo operekedwa kale	Makiyi asanu a AES-128, kutsimikizika kwapawiri kwa 3	Inde

 

Ziwerengero za NTAG21x, lock{1}}bit behavior ndi Type 2 / ISO/IEC 14443 Type A kutsatira malinga ndiTsamba la deta la NXP NTAG213/215/216. Kapangidwe ka MIFARE Classic 1K pa pepala la data la NXP MF1S50yyX (magawo 16 × midadada 4 × 16 mabayiti). DESFire EV3 pa MF3D(H)x3. NTAG 424 DNA memory memoryNXP.

 

Mizati iwiri imasankha ma projekiti ambiri pulogalamu iliyonse isanasankhidwe: denga la kukumbukira ndi gawo la iPhone. Zomwe tebulo silingakuuzeni ndi zokolola. Chip chodziwika bwino chimapangabe zokanira ngati sitepe ya encoding ilibe chitsimikiziro kumbuyo kwake, yomwe ndi mutu wachigawo chachiwiri cha nkhaniyi.

 

NTAG 213, 215 ndi 216: Chisankho Chosakhazikika ndi Kudenga Kwake Kweniyeni

 

Pafupifupi ma projekiti anayi mwa asanu, banja ili ndi yankho lolondola, ndipo kuphunzira kupanga ma tag a NTAG 215 NFC kumatenga pafupifupi masekondi makumi asanu ndi anayi ndi pulogalamu yamafoni. Chip imatumiza NDEF-yosinthidwa, mtundu wamtundu womwe umagwira ntchito mosadukiza pa foni iliyonse ndi mbiri ya URI, ndipo onse a Android ndi iOS amalemba popanda ntchito iliyonse ya SDK.

 

 

Ndiwonso banja lomwe lili kumbuyo kwa pafupifupi pulogalamu iliyonse yamakhadi abizinesi, pomwe mbiri ya vCard kapena URL imodzi ndiyomwe imalipira, komanso pomwe mawonekedwe ake amakhala ofunika kwambiri kuposa chip. Ambiri mwa malamulowa amathamakadi oyera a PVC a NFC opanda kanthuosati zomata, chifukwa khadi liyenera kupulumuka chikwama ndikusindikiza.

 

Denga limafika mwachangu kuposa momwe anthu amayembekezera. NTAG213 imakupatsani ma byte 144 a kukumbukira kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, ndipo uthenga wa NDEF si ulalo wanu wokha. Pali chopukutira cha TLV, cholembera chamutu, mtundu wamtundu, ndi gawo lalitali lisanasungidwe chizindikiro chimodzi cha adilesi yanu. Mbiri ya URI imakanikiza ma prefixes wamba mongahttps://www.mu baiti imodzi, yomwe imabwezeretsa ma byte khumi mpaka makumi awiri, ndipo pagawo la 144-kusiyana kumeneko ndiko mzere pakati pa kukwanira ndi kulephera. Kumene magulu amagwidwa si ulalo wokhawokha koma zowonjezera: onjezani zolemba za malemba owerengeka ndi anthu, onjezani Android Application Record kuti chizindikirocho chitsegule pulogalamu m'malo mwa msakatuli, ndipo kulipira bwino kumakhala cholakwika chochuluka.

 

Lamulo lathu lachinthu chachikulu, ndipo izi ndizomwe mumangophunzira polemba mamiliyoni angapo mwa izi: ngati URL yomwe mukufuna kuphatikiza mafunso ipitilira zilembo 90, siyani kutchula NTAG213 ndikupita m'mwamba. Kusiyana kwa mtengo wa mayunitsi pakati pa 213 ndi 215 n'kochepa kwambiri moti sikungakhale kothandiza kuyika pulogalamu yapakatikati-. Kampeni yomwe pambuyo pake ikufuna kuwonjezera magawo a UTM kapena nambala ya serial ku tag iliyonse ya URL idzagunda khoma pa 213 ndipo siyidzagunda pa 215.

 

Kuteteza mawu achinsinsi pabanja ili ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa bwino, chifukwa ndi chofooka kuposa momwe mawu oti "password" amanenera. Mtengo wa 32-bit PWD umafalitsidwa momveka bwino ndikuwunikiridwa ndi chip, zomwe zipata zimalemba zolowera, komanso mwayi wowerengera, kuchokera patsamba losankhidwa kupita mtsogolo. Imayimitsa membala wachidwi kulembanso tag yanu ndi foni. Sichiwongolero chachinsinsi ndipo sichiyenera kufotokozedwa kwa kasitomala ngati imodzi. Zindikiraninso kuti si m'badwo uliwonse umathandizira konse: NTAG203 yakale ilibe mawu achinsinsi, ndipo zolemba za library zimawonekeratu kuti chitetezo chimangolephera (nfcpy zolemba).

 

MIFARE Classic: Yolembedwa pa Android, Kulibe Pa iPhone

 

Nayi msampha wolumikizana womwe wathetsa ma projekiti ambiri a NFC kuposa chinthu china chilichonse. Aliyense amene akufunsa momwe angalembe NDEF ku MIFARE Classic akugwira kale ntchito motsutsana ndi zomwe zalembedwera: MIFARE Classic si mtundu wa tag ya NFC Forum, ndi khadi la ISO/IEC 14443-3A lomwe lili ndi gawo la eni ake komanso kapangidwe kake kamene kadayambika kale ndi chilengedwe cha NDEF, ndipo thandizo la NDEF pamenepo limangopezeka kudzera pamapu akulu akulu.

 

 

Android imayendetsa msonkhanowo. iOS sichoncho. Apple's Core NFC sinathandizirepo MIFARE Classic, yokhala ndi mabanja a MIFARE omwe amathandizidwa ndi nsanja ya Ultralight, Plus ndi DESFire, omwe opanga maudindo atsimikizira mobwerezabwereza pamabwalo a Apple.Apple Developer Forums). Chifukwa iOS siyitha kuwongolera kukumbukira kwa khadiyo mwachindunji, iPhone siyingalembe NDEF kwa iyo ndipo siyingawonetse NDEF yosungidwa pamenepo.

 

Chomwe chimapangitsa izi kukhala zowopsa pakuwunika ndikuti ma tag a MIFARE Classic samawoneka atafa pa iPhone. Khadi ili ndi ISO 14443-UID, kotero kuti pulogalamu ya Shortcuts ivomereza mokondwera ngati choyambitsa makina, ndipo kuyang'ana m'mbuyo kumatha kuyambitsa mbiri yakale ya NDEF yamtundu wothandizidwa. Wotsogolera wogula akuyesa chitsanzo pa iPhone awo amawona kuyankha ndikuzimitsa. Makhalidwe omwe adawona alibe chochita ndi zomwe zili mkati mwa kukumbukira, ndipo njira yonseyo imagwa pomwe polojekiti ikufunika ma URL amtundu uliwonse omwe ma iPhones amatha kuwerenga.

 

Lamulo lothandiza lomwe limachokera pa izi: aliyense woyerekeza momwe angakhazikitsire ma tag a NFC a iPhone vs Android akuyenera kuyesa kuvomereza pamapulatifomu onse awiri ndi chipangizo chopangira, osati pa Android chokha, komanso osatengera chitsanzo cha chip chosiyana ndi chomwe chili pamtengo wogula.

 

Ndiloleni ndinene mosabisa mawuwa, chifukwa "zimadalira momwe mumagwiritsira ntchito" si yankho lothandiza pano. Ngati ma tag anu a NFC awonetsedwa ndi anthu, tchulani chilichonse kupatula MIFARE Classic.

 

Kwa matimu omwe ali kale m'dongosolo la Classic{0}based access system, chigamulo chimachepetsa kukhala chimodzi, ndipo si ma tag. Ndi moyo wotsalira wa owerenga anu. Ngati owerengawa atsala ndi zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu ndipo palibe foni yamakono yomwe ingakhudze kutsimikizika, kupitiliza ndi Classic mu loop yotsekedwa ndi kuyimba kodzitchinjiriza, ndipo mafunso othandiza amakhala IC sourcing ndi mtundu wa UID m'malo mwa encoding, zomwe ndizomwe timalemba muzolemba zathu.kuyitanitsa ma tag a MIFARE 1K mudongosolo lokhazikitsidwa. Ngati owerengawo akuyenera kusinthidwa mkati mwa zeneralo, musawononge ndalama pazambiri zosintha. Sungani malo onse ku AES-gawo lokhazikika mu sitepe imodzi ndikupeza mtengo wake kamodzi.

 

Pali msampha wachiwiri m'banja lomwelo, wochenjera kwambiri moti umapulumuka maulendo athunthu a QA. Kuyika chopukutira cha Smart Poster pa rekodi, yomwe zida zojambulira wamba zimapereka ngati njira yaubwenzi yophatikizira mutu ku ulalo, kumasintha mtundu wamtundu. Zolemba zomwe zidakutidwa mwanjira imeneyi sizimatengedwa ndi kusanthula kwakumbuyo kwa iOS konse, mosasamala kanthu za zomwe zili mkati. Kuyesa kwa Android kumadutsa pazida zilizonse, ma iPhones samachita kalikonse, ndipo palibe uthenga wolakwika kulikonse kuti uzindikire.

 

Ultralight, DESFire ndi NTAG 424 DNA: Kumene Mapulogalamu Amakhala Otsogolera Ofunika

 

MIFARE Ultralight EV1 imakhala pafupi ndi NTAG21x pamachitidwe ndipo mumayika ma tag a NFC momwemonso, ndi bajeti yaying'ono yokumbukira ya 48 kapena 128 byte ndi gulu lomwelo lachipata chachinsinsi. Palibe chatsopano chomwe chimachitika mwamalingaliro.

 

DESFire ndi NTAG 424 DNA ndi njira yosiyana. Pazigawo za Type 4 zimenezi, simukulemba ma byte kukhala mapu okumbukira zinthu zosakhalitsa, koma mukugwiritsa ntchito fayilo yomwe ili ndi-ufulu wopeza mafayilo, ndipo ntchito iliyonse yabwino imafunika kutsimikizira ndi kiyi ya AES{7}}128 kaye. NTAG 424 DNA imanyamula makiyi asanu a AES ofotokozedwa ndi kasitomala, imagwiritsa ntchito kutsimikizika kwa 3-pass pafayilo ya data yotetezedwa, ndipo imakhala ndi certification ya Common Criteria EAL4 pa hardware ndi mapulogalamu onse. Magulu omwe amapanga ma tag a NFC kuti atsimikizire zinthu m'malo mongowongolera mophweka nthawi zambiri amangoyang'ana gawoli makamaka chifukwa cha chinthu chimodzi.

 

Mbaliyi ndi Secure Dynamic Messaging, yomwe nthawi zambiri imalembedwa ngati DZUWA. Ndiwothandizidwa, ulalo wa NDEF womwe chip chimapereka zosintha pakampopi kamodzi: chip chikuwonetsa UID yake komanso kuwerengera kowerengera kochulukirapo mu ulalo, kusungidwa mwachisawawa, ndikuwonjezera CMAC yokhala ndi kiyi yokhayo ndi chip chogwirizira. Kumbuyo kwanu kumatha kudziwa tag yeniyeni kuchokera pa ulalo wojambulidwa, ndipo mutha kudziwa nambala yapampopi 4 kuchokera papampopi nambala 4,000.

 

Kuyikonza bwino ndipamene zimaluma. Malamulo owonetsera magalasi si aulere-mawonekedwe: data ya PICC ikabisidwa, kuwonetsa UID ndi kauntala yowerengera kumakhala kovomerezeka m'malo mosankha, awiriwo amayenda limodzi nthawi zonse, ndipo CMAC iyenera kukhala kumapeto kwa uthenga wa NDEF. Konzani mawonekedwe anu a URL mozungulira zopingazi, osati mwanjira ina, kapena zochotsera sizingathetsedwe ndipo kumbuyo kumakana kuwerenga kulikonse.

 

Kulephera komwe timawona nthawi zambiri pakutumizidwa kwa SUN sikukhudzana ndi chilichonse mwa izo. Chilichonse chokhazikitsidwa ndi makiyi a anthu onse komanso ma seva owonetsa zochunidwa ndi fakitale-zimakhala zokhazikika-makiyi a ziro, chifukwa ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwonetsero chiziyenda bwino. Ma projekiti otsutsana ndi izi, fanizo limagwira ntchito, ndipo gawo lalikulu la kasinthasintha silipangitsa kuti lifike pamndandanda wotsegulira. Ma tag amatuluka ali maliseche pomwe aliyense wokhudzidwayo akukhulupirira kuti kutumizidwako kwasungidwa, ndichifukwa chake njira yathu yotulutsira zitsanzo imayang'ana kusiyanasiyana kwamagulu opanga m'malo motengera chilichonse chomwe chidagwiritsidwa ntchito.

 

Zochita Zisanu ndi chimodzi Simungathe Kubweza Mukangopanga Ma tag a NFC

 

Zolembanso zolipira ndizotsika mtengo. Izi siziri. Iliyonse ili m'munsiyi ndi chisankho chomwe chimatembenuza ma tag kukhala chinthu chokhazikika, ndipo chilichonse chakhala chifukwa cha zomwe zidachotsedwa zomwe tidayenera kusintha.

 

Ntchito	Zomwe zimachita	Chifukwa chiyani sichingasinthidwe	Pamene iyenera kukonzedwa
Kusintha kwa NDEF	Amalemba chidebe cha kuthekera	Imafika-nthawi-zokumbukira zomwe mungakonzekere	Pafakitale, mtundu wa chip utatsimikiziridwa
Maloko a Static	Imatseka masamba 16 oyamba pa tchipisi cha Type 2	Maloko akhazikitsidwa-okha ndipo sangathe kukhazikitsidwanso	Pokhapokha zomaliza zitasindikizidwa
Zokhoma zamphamvu	Sakanizani ma data byte 96 pa NTAG213, 456 pa NTAG215 ndi 840 pa NTAG216, pakuchulukirachulukira kwamasamba 2 pa NTAG213 ndi masamba 16 pa NTAG215 ndi NTAG216, pamasamba a NXP omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa.	Zoseti zofanana-zokhazo, zokhazikika zomwezo	Chipata chofanana ndi maloko osasunthika
Werengani-kusintha kokha	Imakhazikitsa mbendera yolembera ya NDEF mpaka kalekale	Palibe lamulo losokoneza	Simunayambe kuyesako kumunda
Njira ya LRP pa NTAG 424 DNA	Imasintha AES kuti itayike-ntchito yokhazikika	Yathandizidwa ndi SetConfiguration, popanda njira yobwerera ku AES mode	Pokhapokha ngati mtundu wowopseza wolembedwa umafuna
Kusintha kofunikira popanda kuchotsedwa	Ikusintha makiyi a fakitale AES	Chip ilibe njira yobwezeretsa ngati chinsinsi chatsopano chatayika	Ikangoperekedwa kamodzi kokha kuti mfungulo yosunga mwana waperekedwa

 

Kuchuluka kwa tsamba limenelo ndizomwe anthu ambiri amaphonya akamafunsa momwe angatsekere tag ya NFC pambuyo pa mapulogalamu. Kukiya sikungosintha kokha-kapena-palibe chilichonse. Pa NTAG215 ndi NTAG216 mutha kutsekereza masamba 16, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti masanjidwe osakanikirana azitha kugwira ntchito: gawo la nambala lotsekedwa fakitale, dera la URL la kampeni lomwe latsala kuti lilembedwe kwa gulu lotsatsa. Pa NTAG213 granularity ndi masamba awiri, abwino koma kudutsa mapu ang'onoang'ono. Kusankha malire ndi ntchito yokonza, ndipo iyenera kuchitika musanayambe kusindikiza, osati pambuyo pake.

 

Chizoloŵezi choyenera kupanga ndikulekanitsa chipata cha encoding kuchokera pachipata chokhoma. Timalangiza makasitomala kuti asatseke pa nthawi ya dongosolo, ndipo chifukwa chake ndi malonda kwathunthu osati luso.

 

M'mbiri yonse ya maoda athu, zomwe zimachitika pafupipafupi-zopempha zotumizira sizomwe zili ndi vuto, ndikusintha kopita, ndipo zimachulukana mkati mwa chaka choyamba cha ntchito. Zomwe zimayambitsa nthawi zonse ndi kusamuka kwa tsamba lofikira kapena kuperekedwa kwa bungwe, zomwe sizimawonekera panthawi yomwe dongosololi layikidwa. Simufunikanso ziwerengero zolephera za wina aliyense kuti achitepo kanthu, chifukwa asymmetry imadzisankha yokha: chizindikiro chosatsegulidwa chomwe sichimafunikira kuti chisinthidwe sichimawononga chilichonse, pomwe chizindikiro chotsekedwa chomwe chimafunika kusintha chimawononga dongosolo lonse lolowa m'malo kuphatikiza ntchito yobwezeretsanso. Lembani ma tag a NFC poyamba, yesani kuyesa kumunda, tsekani pambuyo pake.

 

Kutsimikizira Chip Ndi Zomwe Invoice Ikunena

 

 

Kutsimikizika kwa chip sikudetsa nkhawa m'gululi, ndi zinthu zomwe zimabwera nthawi zonse-zoyendera, ndipo zili mu gawo la QC lomwe limafanana ndi cheke china chilichonse chomwe mumayendetsa musanakonzere ma tag a NFC mu kuchuluka kwa zotulutsa. Mabanja a NTAG, MIFARE, Ultralight ndi ICODE a NXP lililonse amakhala ndi ECC- siginecha yochokera koyambira yolembedwa popanga chip, ma byte 32 pa magawo a NTAG21x, yomwe imatha kuwerengedwanso ndikutsimikiziridwa motsutsana ndi kiyi yapagulu ya wopanga. Tagi yomwe imachita bwino imathabe kulephera cheke chimenecho.

 

Izi zimachitika kuposa momwe msika umavomerezera. Akatswiri ogula ma tag a NTAG21x kudzera mumayendedwe ogulitsa wamba adauza gulu la opanga omwe kuti zitsanzo zimagwira ntchito ndendende monga momwe zafotokozedwera, magalasi ophatikizira akuphatikizidwa, komabe amanenedwa ngati silicon yodziwika bwino, ndipo yankho lofalitsidwa la NXP ndikuti magawo oterowo ndi osagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso osayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito motetezeka chifukwa IC yokha ikhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo (Gulu la NXP).

 

Zotsatira zake zimakhala zocheperapo kuposa momwe anthu amaganizira, ndipo ziyenera kufotokozedwa bwino. Ngati ntchito yanu ndi yotumiziranso malonda, chipangizo cha clone chidzakutumikirani mokwanira ndipo simungasamale. Ngati ntchito yanu ikukhudzana ndi kutsimikizika, umboni wosokoneza, kapena zonena zilizonse zotsutsana ndi{2}}zonyenga zomwe zimapangidwira makasitomala anu, chip chosatsimikizirika chimalepheretsa malo onse, ndipo palibe kuchuluka kwa kabisidwe kolondola komwe kungakulipirire. Kutsimikizira kumatenga masekondi pang'ono ndi pulogalamu ya owerenga, ndipo kumakhala m'machitidwe anu a QC omwe akubwera osati positi{4}}mafa. Kuwerenga kogwirizana kwa aliyense amene kulemba kwake kumamaliza koma owerenga amakhala chete:chifukwa chiyani zomata zojambulidwa zimamveka bwino ndikulephera pakhomo.

 

Funso la Chitetezo cha MIFARE Classic, Linabwerezedwanso moona mtima

 

Aliyense amene angatchule MIFARE Classic lero akuyenera kukhala akugwira ntchito pofufuza zomwe zikuchitika m'malo motengera mbiri yomwe nsanja inali nayo zaka khumi zapitazo.

 

Mu 2024, kafukufuku wa FM11RF08S, chipangizo chogwirizira cha MIFARE Classic chomwe chinatulutsidwa mu 2020 chokhala ndi njira zothanirana ndi vuto lililonse lodziwika bwino ndi makadi{4}okha, kugonjetseratu njirazo ndikuvumbulutsa khomo lakumbuyo la hardware. Khomo lakumbuyo limalola aliyense amene akudziwa kuti asokoneze wogwiritsa aliyense-makiyi omwe afotokozedwa pakhadi patangopita mphindi zochepa kuti alowe, ndipo izi zimagwira ngakhale makiyi asiyanitsidwa kwambiri pa khadi lililonse (Cryptology ePrint Archive). Makiyi okhudzana ndi khomo lakumbuyo adadziwika m'magulu ambiri, kuphatikiza mibadwo yakale ya Fudan ndi zida za NXP ndi Infineon.

 

Werengani mosamala musanatenge mfundo zolakwika. Uku sikutsutsa kuti aliyense amene akugwiritsa ntchito MIFARE Classic adzawululidwa mawa, ndipo sitikuwonetsa ngati imodzi. Mamiliyoni ambiri a mbiri yakale amagwira ntchito m'malo-ochepa kwambiri pomwe kupanga khadi kumapangitsa woukira kulowa maloko ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ndi zotsutsana kuti mawu oti "chitetezo" sayenera kuwoneka paliponse m'chikalata chokhazikika pamodzi ndi banja la chip iyi, ndikuti aliyense amene watsala pang'ono kukhazikitsa ma tag a NFC a zipinda zamahotelo, kulowa muofesi, kapena kulipira kopanda ndalama pa Classic silicon akuyenera kutengera mtengo wosamukira ku AES{4}}gawo lotengera bajeti yomweyi.

 

Kupanga Ma Tag a NFC mu Bulk: Zomwe Zimasintha Pamwamba pa Mayunitsi Chikwi

 

Chilichonse chomwe chafotokozedwa mpaka pano chimakhala choyipa. Pulogalamu ya foni imalemba chizindikiro chimodzi nthawi imodzi popanda mbiri ya batch, palibe chitsimikiziro, ndipo palibe njira yotsimikizira kuti ndi URL iti yomwe idapitako. Pali magawo atatu amomwe mungapangire ma tag a NFC mochulukira, ndipo kulumpha pakati pawo kumagwira ntchito m'malo mwaukadaulo.

 

Gawo loyamba ndi foni ndi pulogalamu, yotheka pafupifupi mayunitsi zana, oyenera ma prototypes ndi oyendetsa ndege.

 

Gawo lachiwiri ndipamene ambiri a-timu akunyumba amafikirako: mumakhazikitsa ma tag a NFC ndi wolemba wowerenga pakompyuta, motsogozedwa ndi fayilo ya batch, makamaka kudzera pa encoder ya USB mu ACR12xx kapena uTrust class. Zimagwira ntchito bwino mpaka chip chisinthe. Chida chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri-chida chopezeka m'dangali, mwachitsanzo, chimalunjika ku ACR122 ndipo chimangoyika MIFARE Ultralight ndi Ultralight C, zomwe ndi magawo a Type 2, kotero kusunthira pulojekitiyo ku chip ya Type 4 kumatanthauza kumanganso zidazo m'malo mosintha fayilo. Ngati mukusankhabe zida zamtundu uwu, zathuUSB ndi kompyuta NFC yowerengera-mitundu ya olembachimakwirira owerenga zitsanzo izi toolchains amayembekezera.

 

Mchitidwe wamakampani agawo lachitatu ndikusindikiza-panthawi yopanga, ndipo iyi ndi gawo lomwe ogula ambiri sakudziwa kuti lilipo. Pamizere yathu mufakitale ya 3,600 m², encoding imakhala pakati pa chip bonding ndi chomaliza chomaliza, pazida zomwe zimalozera tagi iliyonse pamalo ake, kulemba zolembedwazo, ndikuziwerengeranso zomwe tagiyo isanapitirire. Chitsimikizo chotsimikizira ndiye mfundo yonse. Tagi yomwe sinawerengedwe-yobwerera imakanidwa mu-mzere m'malo mopezeka ndi kasitomala pamalopo, ndipo gululo limachoka ndi fayilo yolumikizira UID iliyonse kapena TID kuzomwe zalembedwa, zomwe ndi zomwe CMS yanu kapena nsanja ya analytics ikufunika tsiku loyamba. Kuthekera komangirira pamizere isanu yopangira kumapitilira tchipisi 100,000 patsiku, kotero kusungitsa sikukhala chopinga pa nthawi yotsogolera.

 

Chomwe kufotokozerako kumasiya, mwadala, ndiko kuvomereza. Werengani-kutsimikizira kumbuyo ndi chipata chodutsa/cholephera, koma kuchuluka kwa kulephera komwe mukuyenera kuvomereza kumasiyana ndi chip family, form factor, komanso ngati tagiyo ikulitsidwa pambuyo pake; zomata zotsutsa-zachitsulo ndi khadi la PVC sizikhala chimodzimodzi pamzere womwewo. Nambalayi ndi ya mawu otsutsana ndi kapangidwe kanu, osati m'nkhani, ndipo ndi chinthu choyamba chomwe timayika pulogalamu yatsopano ikayamba.

 

Kumene timajambulira malire a kuthekera kwathu ndikoyenera kunena momveka bwino, chifukwa ndi gawo lomwe ogulitsa nthawi zambiri amazimitsa. Tidzatsogolera{{1}pulogalamu yama tagi a NFC okhala ndi ma template a ulalo wanu, kusesa pagawo lililonse, kutsimikizira tagi iliyonse, ndi kutumiza fayilo yamapu. Tikupatsirani makiyi a AES omwe mumapereka. Sitidzakhala ndi makiyi anu opangira, sitidzakutsimikizirani, ndipo sitidzakuuzani kuti fakitale ikhoza kupanga pulogalamu{4}}yolondola. Gawo limenelo ndi lanu, ndipo wogulitsa aliyense amene anganene kuti akukugulitsani kusamutsa kowopsa komwe kulibe.

 

Mafunso asanu ndi anayi Oti Muwathetse Musanakhazikitse Encoding

 

Yendetsani izi musanagule, osati zitsanzo zikafika. Chinthu chilichonse chatha ntchito imodzi yomwe tafunsidwa kuti tipulumutse.

 

#	Funso	Chifukwa chiyani chimasankha chip
1	Kodi ma iPhones adzagwira ma tag awa?	Imachotsa MIFARE Classic pakuganiziridwa kwathunthu
2	Kodi utali wonse wa URL, kuphatikiza magawo amtsogolo ndi chiyani?	Imakhazikitsa pansi pa NTAG213, 215 kapena 216
3	Kodi mbiri imodzi ndiyokwanira, kapena mumafunikanso zolemba kapena zolemba zamapulogalamu?	Zolemba zowonjezera zimadya bajeti yofanana yokumbukira
4	Kodi komwe mukupita kudzasintha nthawi yantchito ya tagi?	Imatsimikiza ngati kutseka kumakhala kovomerezeka
5	Kodi pulogalamuyo imanena kuti ndi yolondola kwa ogwiritsa ntchito?	Amakankhira ku NTAG 424 DNA kapena DESFire
6	Ndani akugwira ndi kuzungulira makiyi a AES?	Ayenera kuperekedwa kiyi iliyonse isanasinthidwe
7	Kodi mulingo wovomerezeka wa gulu loperekedwa ndi chiyani?	Zimatanthawuza ngati kuwerenga{0}}kutsimikiziranso kuti kuli kogwirizana
8	Kodi mukufuna UID-kuti-fayilo yojambula zinthu?	Iyenera kufotokozedwa musanayambe kuthamanga, osati kufunsidwa pambuyo pake
9	Kodi kutsimikizira siginecha yoyambira ndi gawo la QC yomwe ikubwera?	Imatsimikizira ngati chip sourcing imatha kuwerengedwa

 

Magulu omwe amatha kuyankha onse asanu ndi anayi nthawi zambiri amapeza bwino pakuyesa koyamba. Magulu omwe amatha kuyankha asanu ndi mmodzi mwa asanu ndi anayi nthawi zambiri amapeza atatu otsalawo njira yodula.

 

Mafunso asanu ndi anayi ndi ma generic version. Zomwe timagwirira ntchito zimawonjezera gawo lakhumi, yankho lomwe liri loyenera kumangirira kwanu m'malo mokhala wamba, ndipo gawolo limatengera zinthu zomwe nkhaniyi siingathe kuziwona: kuphatikizika kwa foni yanu yam'manja, malo owerenga anu, njira yanu yosinthira, komanso ngati kutsatiridwa kuyenera kukhala motsatizana kapena mwachisawawa. Titumizireni mayankho asanu ndi anayi oyamba ndipo tidzakubwezerani mawuwo molingana ndi momwe mumafunira.

 

Kumene Izi Zimasiya Wogula

 

Palibe njira wamba ya momwe mungakhazikitsire ma tag a NFC, njira yokhayo pa chip, papulatifomu, voliyumu iliyonse. Sankhani chip motsutsana ndi denga la kukumbukira ndi funso la iPhone poyamba. Chitani masanjidwe, kuchuluka kwa malipiro ndi kasinthidwe ngati zipata zitatu zosiyana. Osatseka mlandu usanachitike. Tsimikizirani zoyambira pa zitsanzo zomwe zikubwera. Pamwamba pa mayunitsi chikwi, siyani kuganizira za mapulogalamu ndikuyamba kuganiza za kutsimikizira ndi kufufuza.

 

Ngati zomwe zalembedwa kale, ndife okondwa kuziwonanso motsutsana ndi zovuta zomwe zili pamwambapa ndikuyika chizindikiro chilichonse chomwe sichingapangidwe, ndipo zitsanzo zaulere zilipo kuti ziyesedwe pa owerenga anu enieni ndi mafoni am'manja. Mukhozanso kuyamba kuchokera kuMa tag a NFC timakonzekera-pulogalamu ndi kutsimikizira-nyumbangati chisankho cha chip chikadali chotseguka, kapenatumizani kapangidwe ka URL ndi voliyumu yomwe mukufuna kuti mukawunikensongati izo zakonzedwa kale.

 

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