Kodi Makhadi Ofunika Kwambiri Kumahotela Amagwira Ntchito Motani? RFID, Magstripe, ndi Tech Behind the Tap

 

Matekinoloje atatu, nkhani zitatu zachitetezo chosiyana kwambiri

 

Pansi pa chizindikirocho, chitsimikiziro cha chipinda chilichonse cha hotelo chimayenda paukadaulo umodzi mwamaukadaulo atatu, ndipo chilichonse chimachita mosiyana zinthu zikavuta.

 

Mzere wa maginito ndi mtundu wakale kwambiri womwe umagwirabe ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Zambiri za alendo zimakhala ngati tinthu tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tamdima kumbuyo, ndipo loko imawerenga ngati khadi likukokera polowera. Funso la makadi a hotelo ya RFID motsutsana ndi maginito amayambira apa, chifukwa mizereyo ndi njira yotsika mtengo yomwe imawononga ndalama zambiri pambuyo pake: sichisunga chilichonse mosamala, imanyozetsa pogwira, ndipo pazinthu zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito{2}}zokakamiza zomwe zimasiya kusindikiza ku maginito osokonekera kapenanso kutanganidwa-kuzungulira mwachangu kuposa momwe anthu amayembekezera.

 

Makhadi a RFID adasinthanitsa swipeyo ndi tapi, ndipo apa ndipamene kumvetsetsa momwe makhadi ofunikira a RFID amagwirira ntchito kumakhala kosangalatsa. Chip chaching'ono ndi koyilo ya mlongoti wamkuwa zimakhala zosindikizidwa mu pulasitiki. Owerenga mu loko amaponyera pawailesi, munda womwewo umapatsa mphamvu chip popanda batire komanso kukhudzana, ndipo chip imayankha ndi mbiri yake yosungidwa. Mafupipafupi ndizomwe ofotokozera ambiri amadumpha.Makhadi olowera cholowa amayenda pa 125 kHz, -ndi yotsika pafupipafupi yopanda chitetezo; mulingo wamakono ndi 13.56 MHz, gulu lapamwamba-lomwe limagawidwa ndi a MIFARE chip family komanso NFC. Fiziki yomweyi, chitetezo chosiyana kwambiri kutengera chip chomwe chimakwera pamwamba.

 

 

Makiyi am'manja a NFC ndi osanjikiza atsopano kwambiri, ocheperapo lingaliro latsopano kuposa momwe 13.56 MHz sinthanitsira pa foni, yomwe imatengera khadi ndikulankhula ndi Bluetooth- loko yokhoza kugwiritsa ntchito zidziwitso zoperekedwa pa foni yam'manja-. Kukokerako kukugwira ntchito, osati mwachizoloŵezi chabe: Kafukufuku wa Cornell wapeza kuti kudikira mphindi zisanu-kudikirira nthawi zonse-kutha kuchepetsa chikhutiro cha alendo ndi theka (BDC Network), ndipo kudumpha pa desiki ndikuthamangitsa mahotela. Ndalamazi zikutsatira zomwe zikuchitika, ndiukadaulo wa hotelo wopanda kulumikizana womwe uli pafupi ndi US $ 4.8 biliyoni mu 2025 ndipo akuyembekezeka kufika pafupifupi US $ 14.6 biliyoni pofika 2034.Dataintelo), ndipo tcheni chachikulu chinali ndi makiyi am'manja amakhala m'mahotela opitilira 1,800 kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2019 (Hospitality Technology). Kusankha pafupipafupi kumafunika kwambiri pofotokoza zokhoma hardware. Zathukuwonongeka kwa RFID motsutsana ndi NFC komanso nthawi yoti mutumize chilichonsechimakwirira chisankho chimenecho, koma pakumanga hotelo yatsopano, 13.56 MHz tsopano ndiyothandiza.

 

Mkati mwa theka-kachiwiri khomo likatsegulidwa

 

Khomo la hotelo limawerenga khadi lanu ndikusankha pang'onopang'ono, ndipo masitepewo ndi osavuta kuposa momwe liwiro limanenera.Wowerenga amatulutsa gawo la wailesi, Chip chokhazikika chimadzuka ndikubwezeretsa chitsimikiziro cholembedwa kwa icho, wolamulira wa loko amafananiza kuti motsutsana ndi lamulo lofikira lomwe ali nalo, ndipo ngati chipindacho ndi masikuwo zikugwirizana, zimayendetsa bolt. Umu ndi momwe kiyi ya kiyi ya hotelo imagwirira ntchito pamlingo womwe mlendo amawona.

 

Zomwe zikuyenda pansi ndi gawo loyenera kudziwa: maloko ambiri a zitseko za hotelo alibe intaneti. Palibe cheke cha seva yamoyo, palibe chingwe cha netiweki. Izi ndi dala, chifukwa zimalola katundu kuti aziyendetsa zitseko masauzande ambiri pamagetsi a batri popanda waya IT ku chimango chilichonse. The tradeoff ndi kuti chilolezo logic ayenera kukhala pa khadi lokha, ndichifukwa chake mbiri yanu imanyamula nthawi yake yokha ndikusiya kugwira ntchito potuluka m'malo mozimitsidwa patali, ndipo, monga momwe mbiri yachitetezo ikuwonetsera, chifukwa chiyani khadi yonyenga yonyamula deta yoyenera ikhoza kutsegula chitseko cha desiki lakutsogolo sichinaloledwe. Kwa makadi{4}}amakina am'mbali mlingo umodzi kutsika, wofotokozera wathuzomwe RFID smart card imasunga komanso momwe imayankhiraamapita mozama.

 

Zomwe khadi lanu limadziwa za inu, ndi zomwe silikudziwa

 

Nkhawa zachinsinsi zomwe zimachitika mobwerezabwereza ndizoyenera kuthetsedwa momveka bwino. Khadi la chipinda cha hotelo nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi nambala ya chipinda, kulowa kwanu-kulowa ndi kutuluka{2}}masiku otuluka, komanso zilolezo zokhala ndi khodi yokhayo yomwe amamvetsetsa. Chomwe kiyi ya kiyi ya hotelo yosungidwa bwino ndi dzina lanu, adilesi yakunyumba kwanu, kapena zolipira zanu. Khadi ndi chizindikiro cholozera cholembera mkati mwadongosolo la hoteloyo, osati kopi ya mbiriyo. Igwetseni pamsewu ndipo wopeza samaphunzira kanthu za inu; paumboni wamakono wobisidwa, sangathenso kuyisintha kukhala kiyi yogwira ntchito popanda masana ongofuna kudziwa.

 

 

Mbiri ya chitetezo omwe timabuku timasiya

 

Momwe makhadi ofunikira a hotelo amagwirira ntchito zimasankha zambiri kuposa kuphweka:ukadaulo wa chip mkati umayika denga momwe chitseko chingakhale chotetezeka, ndipo makampani akhala akutsimikizira izi kwa zaka khumi.

 

M'chaka cha 2012, katswiri wina wa Mozilla yemwe anakhala katswiri wofufuza zinthu, dzina lake Cody Brocious, anakwera sitepe ya Black Hat USA ku Las Vegas ndi chipangizo chopangidwa kuchokera ku board ya Arduino pafupifupi -madola makumi asanu. Anachilumikiza pamagetsi-ndi-popanga mapulogalamu pansi pa loko yamagetsi ya Onity yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, kuwerenga mokumbukira loko, ndikutsegula chitseko. Maloko amenewo amakhala pazipinda pafupifupi mamiliyoni anayi kapena asanu padziko lonse lapansi. M'miyezi ingapo njira yomweyi inawonekeranso pakuba zenizeni, kuphatikizapo laputopu yomwe inabedwa ku Hyatt ku Galleria ya Houston, kumene apolisi pambuyo pake anamanga munthu wokayikira; Onity's remedy inali port plug yaulere kuphatikiza firmware-ndi-circuit-board kukweza komwe kumayembekezera kuti mahotelo alipire, ndipo kutengera ana kudavuta (The Register).

 

Mlandu wa 2024 ndiwovuta kuyimitsa. Gulu lofufuza lidawulula zolakwika zambiri zomwe zimatchedwa Unsaflok zomwe zidafikira zitseko pafupifupi mamiliyoni atatu kudutsa pafupifupi 13,000 m'maiko 131 (Kugona Kompyuta). Kuwukirako kumafunikira kiyi imodzi yowerengera kuchokera pamalowo komanso wolemba wotchipa kuti apange makhadi awiri abodza, ndipo chifukwa chomwe zimatengera awiri ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa: khadi loyamba limalembanso zamkati mwa loko, ndipo pokhapo khadi lachiwiri limatsegula (Unsaflok). Zinagwira ntchito chifukwa malokowo ankatsamira khadi yokalamba ya MIFARE Classic yokhala ndi makiyi aumwini omwe amatha kusinthidwa-osinthidwa, komanso chifukwa bawulo limatha kukokedwa mu pulogalamu, Deadbolt sinapereke choyimitsa chenicheni. Kufikira kumeneko-kufowoka kwa chip kumapitirira kuposa mtundu umodzi wa loko, nchifukwa chake kusankha kovomerezeka m'malo mokhala chizindikiro cha loko ndiko kuwongolera kwenikweni, mgwirizano womwe talemba m'mawu athu.kupeza-chitetezo pamakhadi owongolera ndi momwe mungasankhire.

 

 

Mosiyana, ofufuza pambuyo pake adapeza khomo lakumbuyo kwa hardware mu MIFARE-tchipisi tomwe timapanga ku China, mtundu womwe uli kale m'mahotela ku US, Europe, ndi India (TechRadar). Nkhani zonse zitatu zili ndi phunziro limodzi: "imayenda pa RFID, kotero ndi yotetezeka" ndi chiganizo chomwe chakalamba kwambiri.

 

Ngati mugula kapena kutchula makhadi awa, werengani zolephera kumbuyo

 

Khadi losungidwa la RFID ndilovuta kufananiza kuposa mizere ya maginito. Mutuwu ndi wolondola, ndipo chidule cha AI chidzabwereza kwa inu mosangalala. Chimene chiganizocho chimasiya mwakachetechete ndicho kusintha komwe kumasankha ngati katundu wanu ali wotetezeka:ndi banja la chip liti limakhala mkati, ndi silicon yake. Ndilo gawo lomwe ogulitsa ambiri sangadzipange okha, ndipo ndipamene amawona fakitale amagawana ndi ogulitsa.

 

Bare MIFARE Classic yachoka patebulo tsopano, kaya ndi gawo la katundu, chifukwa kuwululidwa kwa Unsaflok kunapangitsa kuti kuyimbako kukhale kokhazikika komanso chip cryptographically chosweka kuyambira 2008 alibe bizinesi yolondera chipinda cha alendo. Chatsala kuti musankhe ndi encryption-giredi chip yomwe ikukwanira maloko anu, bajeti, ndi kutulutsa, ndi kusankha makadi ofunikira a hotelo yogawika bwino m'makesi atatu. Malo ogona kapena hotelo yodziwika bwino yomwe ili kale ndi magstripe ikhoza kuyisungabe mpaka pano ndikukhwimitsanso-kusunga ukhondo, popeza kuwononga zida zogwirira ntchito pofuna kuthamangitsa zomwe alendo ake sangakumane nazo ndi zinyalala zake zokha. Zapakati-zomanga zatsopano zilibe chifukwa chofotokozera pansipa a13.56 MHz mbiri yobisika. Makiyi am'manja a NFC omwe ali ndi mbiri amafunikirabe khadi yobwerera kumbuyo, chifukwa kubweza komweko ndizomwe wowukira amatsata.

 

Ntchito yofananirayi ndi yomwe timachitira makasitomala ochereza: kuyika mbiri yachiwopsezo, kuwongolera zogula kuti zisakhale ndi mabanja osokonekera, ndikutsimikizira kukhazikitsidwa kwa silicon kuti khomo lakumbuyo lisafike atakutidwa-. Gawo lomwe limasankha ngati zitseko zanu ndi zotetezeka ndi zomwe sizinasindikizidwe apa: zikalata zovomerezeka zomwe mungafune kuchokera kwa ogulitsa chip, momwe mungatsimikizire gawo lenileni la NXP kapena Infineon osati chojambula chopanda chilolezo, komanso momwe mungawerenge makhadi omwe alipo musanakonzenso. Mndandanda womwewo ndi omwe sapulaya sakhala chete, ndipo tidzagawana nawo athu akapempha. Ngati mukufufuzamakonda-makadi a kiyibodi a hotelo omangidwa pa chip chotsimikizidwa, chachinsinsi-, tsegulani zokambirana ndi chip, osati zojambula; kwa malo omwe ali ndi mwayi wolowera kumadziwe, malo osungiramo malo, ndi malo ochitira zochitika, malingaliro omwewo amachitikiraRFID wristbands za hotelo ndi malo ochezera,ndi muMa tag ochapira a RFIDzomwe zimasuntha bafuta kuseri-kwa-m'nyumba zomwezo.

 

Mfundo yofunika kwambiri

 

Momwe makina ofunikira amakadi amagwirira ntchito amafikira gawo limodzi, chip, ndipo makampani alipira chifukwa chonyalanyaza zitseko mamiliyoni atatu. Khadi lanu lisanatumizidwe, tsimikizirani kuti chip chapangidwa ndi gwero lake, perekani chilichonse chomangidwa pa MIFARE Classic yopanda kanthu ngati -choyambira, ndipo funsani wopatsirani wanu kuti akupatseni umboni. Ngati sangathe, ndilo yankho lanu, ndipo ndi nthawi yoyenera kubweretsa fakitale yomwe ingathe.