Kupititsa patsogolo Chitetezo ndi Kusintha Mwamakonda Anu pogwiritsa ntchito Makadi Anzeru Apamwamba-Apamwamba

 

 

Kusankha kwa chip ndikomwe mapulojekiti ambiri a smart card opanda kanthu amatsekereza-kupambana kwa nthawi yaitali kapena amazikonza mwakachetechete kuti{{1}agulenso pakatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Gome ili m'munsili likuwonetsa mabanja omwe amapezeka kwambiri pamiyeso yomwe imayendetsa chisankho chogula.

 

Chip Banja	pafupipafupi / Standard	Ntchito Yodziwika	Mulingo wachitetezo	Kuchepetsa Kwambiri
MIFARE Classic 1K/4K	13.56 MHz / ISO 14443-A	Kufikira koyambira pakhomo, makadi okhulupilika	Pansi (Crypto-1, yosweka)	Zofooka zodziwika; chotheka
MIFARE DESFIRE EV2/EV3	13.56 MHz / ISO 14443-A	Kutetezedwa kolowera, mayendedwe, malipiro	Wapamwamba (AES-128, EAL5+)	Mtengo wapamwamba wa unit
MIFARE Plus	13.56 MHz / ISO 14443-A	Sinthani njira kuchokera ku Classic systems	Wapakati-Wapamwamba (SL3 mode)	Pamafunika owerenga firmware kusinthidwa kwa SL3
NTAG 213/215/216	13.56 MHz / ISO 14443-A	Kulumikizana kwa mafoni a NFC, kuyika katundu	Low-Medium	Kukumbukira kochepa; osati kuwongolera mwayi
SLE4442/SLE4428	Contact / ISO 7816	-makadi amtengo wapatali osungidwa, makina a ID a mbiri yakale	Wapakatikati (PIN{0}}yotetezedwa)	Lumikizanani-kokha; palibe contactless kuthekera
T5577	125 kHz (LF)	Kufikira kwanthawi yayitali, cloning	Otsika Kwambiri	Palibe kubisa; wobwerezedwa pang'ono

 

Kokani nambala yachitsanzo pa owerenga anu omwe adayikidwa musanayitanitse makhadi opanda kanthu a MIFARE pamakina olowera pakhomo. Ngati wophatikiza wanu sangathe kutsimikizira chithandizo cha protocol mkati mwa maola 48, chitani izi ngati chiopsezo chogwirizana, osati chosokoneza. Malo omwe ali ndi owerenga omwe ali ndi cholowa nthawi zambiri sangagwiritse ntchito makhadi a DESFire popanda kusintha kwa zida zapakati kapena kusintha zida, ndipo kuzindikira izi pakadutsa makhadi 2,000 ndizovuta-za anthu asanu.

Ngati mukufufuzamakhadi a NFC opanda kanthu ambiripakutumiza kwatsopano, ma frequency ndi kutsimikizira kwa protocol sikungakambirane-zokambirana. Koma nali gawo lomwe maupangiri ambiri osankha tchipisi amasiya: ngakhale mkati mwa bandi yofananira, ISO 14443-A (MIFARE, NTAG) ndi ISO 15693 (ICODE) amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zoyankhulirana. Wowerenga wokonzedwera wina sangazindikire winayo. Njira yokhayo yodalirika yotsimikizira kuti ikugwirizana ndikuyesa makhadi enieni motsutsana ndi owerenga anu omwe adayikidwa, osati kufananiza ma datasheet. Syntek imatumiza magulu a zitsanzo mumitundu yeniyeni yomwe mumatchula; onanikupezeka akusowekapo anzeru khadi kasinthidwemusanapereke voliyumu.

 

Ngati mukuyang'ana makadi a NFC opanda kanthu mochulukira kuti mugwiritse ntchito mwatsopano, kutsimikizira pafupipafupi ndi ma protocol -singayanjanitsidwe. Koma nali gawo lomwe maupangiri ambiri osankha tchipisi amasiya: ngakhale mkati mwa bandi yofananira, ISO 14443-A (MIFARE, NTAG) ndi ISO 15693 (ICODE) amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zoyankhulirana. Wowerenga wokonzedwera wina sangazindikire winayo. Njira yokhayo yodalirika yotsimikizira kuti ikugwirizana ndikuyesa makhadi enieni motsutsana ndi owerenga anu omwe adayikidwa, osati kufananiza ma datasheet. Syntek imatumiza magulu a zitsanzo mumitundu yeniyeni yomwe mumatchula; onani masanjidwe a makadi anzeru opanda kanthu musanapange voliyumu.

 

 

Nawa malo omwe ogulitsa makhadi ambiri opanda kanthu sanganene momveka bwino:MIFARE Classicsikulinso chisankho chodzitchinjiriza pakugwiritsa ntchito kulikonse komwe kupanga makhadi kumayimira chiwopsezo.Izi zikuphatikiza kulowa zitseko zamakampani, makiyi achipinda cha hotelo, makina oimika magalimoto, komanso nthawi iliyonse yogwiritsira ntchito pomwe khadi lobwerezedwa limapereka mwayi wolowera.

 

Izi sizongoganizira chabe. Mu 2024, akatswiri ofufuza zachitetezo ku Quarkslab adavumbulutsa tchipisi cha FM11RF08S, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku China{4}}chogulitsidwa ngati "MIFARE Classic compatible." Khomo lakumbuyo limalola kupanga makhadi athunthu mumphindi, popanda zida zapadera kupitilira owerenga omwe ali ndi malonda (SecurityWeek). Mahotela ku United States, Europe, ndi India anapezeka akugwiritsa ntchito tchipisi popanda kuzindikira kuti makadi awo sanali enieni a NXP-opangidwa ndi MIFARE Classic IC. Magulu ogula omwe adayika maodawo adayesa mtengo ndikuwonetsa kuti akugwirizana, koma osati silicon weniweni mkati mwa khadi.

 

 

M'mbuyomu maphunziro ochokera ku University College London adawonetsa kale kuti ngakhale makhadi enieni a MIFARE Classic amatha kupangidwa moyandikana okha, osafunikira mwayi wowerenga, pogwiritsa ntchito zomwe ofufuza amati "kadi{0}}kuukira kokha" (Kupezeka kwa UCL). Zomwe a Quarkslab adapeza zidatsimikizira kuti vutoli silinangopitilira koma likukulirakulira kudzera m'malo ogulitsa.

 

Njira yopititsira patsogolo ya mabungwe omwe akugwiritsabe ntchito makadi anzeru a Classic{{0}otengera opanda contactless amadalira ndalama zomwe zilipo kale:

 

Scenario A - Zida za Reader zimathandizira MIFARE Plus.Sinthani kupita ku makadi a MIFARE Plus ndi kukonza zowerenga za Security Level 3 (SL3) mode, yomwe imatsegula AES-128 encryption. Iyi ndiyo njira yotsika kwambiri-yosamuka chifukwa imagwiritsanso ntchito owerenga omwe alipo, koma pamafunika kusintha firmware ndi kulembetsanso makadi onse.

 

Nkhani B - Owerenga ndi mathero-a-amoyo kapena Achikale-okha.Bajeti yosinthira owerenga athunthu ndikusunthira mwachindunji ku MIFARE DESFire EV3. Mtengo wa pa{{1}khadi ndi wokwera kwambiri, koma chiphaso cha DESFire's EAL5+ ndi kusinthasintha kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito kachipangizo kamachepetsa kwambiri mwayi woti munthu asamukenso mokakamizidwa poyerekeza ndi zinthu zakale{3}zotengera zomangamanga.

 

Scenario C - Yochepa-chitetezo,{2}}osafunikira(makadi okhulupilika ku cafeteria, mabaji a alendo). Classic kapena NTAG imakhalabe yovomerezeka, koma pokhapokha ngati khadi silipereka ufulu wopezeka mwakuthupi. Ngati malo omwe alendo anu amagawana amagawana khomo lolowera ngati malo antchito, ngakhale pang'ono, izi sizikugwira ntchito, ndipo muyenera kuwunika Scenario A kapena B.

 

Kusiyana pakati pa Scenario A ndi B ndipamene ndalama zambiri zogulira zinthu zimayimilira. Kusiyana kwamitengo pakati pa kusamuka kwa Plus SL3 ndi kutulutsidwa kwathunthu kwa DESFire kumadalira zosiyanasiyana za kukhazikitsa kwanu: mawu obwereketsa otsalira owerenga, kuchuluka kwa IT pakulembetsanso-kulembetsanso, komanso ngati gulu lanu lachitetezo lili ndi ulamuliro wachindunji pa bajeti. Koma dongosolo lachigamulo ndilomveka. Ngati owerenga anu adayikidwa chaka cha 2019 chisanafike ndipo muli ndi malamulo kapena inshuwaransi iliyonse yokhudzana ndi kuwongolera, mtengo wotsalira pa Classic ndiwokwera kale kuposa kusamuka. Owerenga ambiri adatumizidwa 2019 isanatumizidwe popanda thandizo la firmware la MIFARE Plus Security Level 3, kutanthauza kuti Classic-mpaka{10}}Kusamuka kwa Plus si njira yochitira ndipo kulowetsa owerenga kwathunthu kumakhala njira yokhayo yopititsira patsogolo.

 

Kuchokera ku Thupi la Khadi kupita ku Baji Yosungidwa: Kukonzekera Mwamakonda Anu

 

Khadi lanzeru lopanda kanthu ndi theka chabe lazinthu. Theka lina ndi zomwe zimachitika ikafika: kusindikiza, encoding, laminating, ndi kutulutsa. Zogulitsa zomwe zimanyalanyaza gawo lachiwirili zimapanga mavuto omwe amawonekera pokhapokha popanga.

 

Kadi thupi zinthu ndi chosindikizira ngakhale ndi gwero ambiri makonda zolephera. Kupanga mapu sikwanzeru, ndipo kulakwitsa kumawononga makhadi ndi nthiti zosindikiza:

 

Zinthu Zamakhadi	Mtundu Wosindikiza Wogwirizana	Common Mismatch
PVC (wokhazikika)	Mwachindunji-ku-kadi kutengerapo kutentha, utoto-sublimation	Palibe (osindikiza ambiri apakompyuta)
PET-G	Tumizaninso osindikiza okha	Kulowetsedwa mwachindunji-ku-kusindikiza makadi → zotulutsa zopakapaka
Polycarbonate (PC)	Retransfer kapena laser chosema	Kusintha kwa kutentha → kulephera kumamatira mkati mwa milungu ingapo

 

Thandizo lapamtunda ndilofunikanso chimodzimodzimakhadi opanda kanthu a smart chip osindikizira ID. Makhadi otumizidwa opanda zokutira, chotchinga chopyapyala chomwe chimalandira inki ndikuteteza chithunzi chosindikizidwa, chimatulutsa zisindikizo zomwe zimasefukira mkati mwa milungu ingapo ndikusenda mkati mwa miyezi. Ngati zogulira zanu sizikunena za "malo osindikizidwa okhala ndi zokutira zoteteza," musaganize kuti zaphatikizidwa. Kusindikiza kwathunthu-kutulutsa magazi pamalo olumikizana ndi chip kapena mlongoti kumafuna kuwongolera kuthamanga kwamutu; Kusakhazikika pang'ono pazigawo zophatikizika kumapangitsa kuti mabande kapena inki asamveke ngati siziyankhidwa.

 

 

Offset{{0}makadi a smart ID osindikizidwa opanda kanthu a ogwira ntchito amafunikira masiku owonjezera 10–15 a ntchito kupyola nthawi yoti ayambe kugulitsa zinthu zoyera, malinga ndi kamangidwe kake. Iyi ndi sitepe yosiyana ndi kupanga -kukonda kwanu patsamba: fakitale imagwiritsa ntchito zojambula zakumbuyo kudzera pa offset printing pamaso pa embedding ya chip, zomwe zimafuna kuti opanga makhadi agwiritse ntchito.OEM / ODM makonda ntchitokugwirizanitsa kalembera wa zojambulajambula ndi chip ndi kuyika kwa tinyanga.

 

Encoding, sitepe kumene zidziwitso zofikira kapena data yamwini makhadi zimalembedwa ku chip, ndiye gawo lomaliza lamunthu. Mabizinesi ambiri omwe amatumizidwa amakhala ndi ma encoding pa-tsamba pogwiritsa ntchito owerenga apakompyuta ophatikizidwa ndi mapulogalamu awo owongolera identity. Tsimikizirani kuti chosindikiza chanu chimagwirizana ndi kusintha kwa chip ndi njira yolumikizirana isanatumize maoda anu pamakhadi. M'zochita zathu, kupeza kuti kusagwirizana pa nthawi yolembetsa kumatanthauza kuchedwa kwa milungu 3 mpaka 6 pamene makhadi olowa m'malo amachotsedwa, kuyesedwa, ndi kutumizidwanso-. Kwa hotelo, ndiye kuti desiki lakutsogolo silingatulutse makiyi a zipinda panthawi yomwe nthawi yayitali kwambiri.

 

Zolakwa Zisanu Zogula Zomwe Zimawononga Kwambiri Kuposa Makhadi Okha

 

Kusagwirizana pafupipafupi ndiko kulephera kofala komanso komwe kungapewedwe. Makhadi a Low Frequency (125 kHz) ndi High Frequency (13.56 MHz) ndi ofanana mwakuthupi.: miyeso yofanana, mawonekedwe oyera a PVC, kulemera komweko. Zilinso zosagwirizana kwathunthu-zosagwirizana. Malo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito owerenga 125 kHz ndikuyitanitsa makadi a RFID opanda kanthu a 13.56 MHz kuti athe kuwongolera mwayi amapeza vuto pokhapokha makhadi akalephera kusanthula. Choyambitsa chake nthawi zambiri chimakhala fomu yogula yomwe imatchula "makhadi ofikira a RFID" osanena pafupipafupi, komanso wogulitsa yemwe amatumiza SKU yawo yotchuka kwambiri. Nthawi zonse tchulani ma frequency ndi protocol.

 

Kusagwirizana kwa protocol mkati mwa ma frequency band ndikosavuta.ISO 14443-A (MIFARE, NTAG) ndi ISO 15693 (ICODE, Tag-it) onse amagwira ntchito pa 13.56 MHz koma amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zotsutsa-kugunda ndi kulankhulana. Wowerenga wokonzekera 14443-A sangazindikire khadi la 15693. Kusiyanaku kumapangitsa kuti magulu ogula zinthu apeze makhadi opanda kanthu a NFC mochulukira pama projekiti osiyanasiyana.

 

Kudumpha kuyesa zitsanzo musanayambe kuyitanitsa zambiri kumasintha chiwopsezo chonse kwa wogula.Zochita zamakampani pakupanga makhadi a RFID ndizosamveka: mtundu wa chip ukangotsimikiziridwa ndikuyamba kupanga, zolakwika zosankhidwa ndiudindo wa kasitomala. Opanga odziwika amapereka magulu a zitsanzo ndendende pazifukwa izi. Ngati wogulitsa akuletsa kapena kulipiritsa ndalama zambiri pazitsanzo, ziwonetseni ngati mbendera yofiira. Asanapereke voliyumu,pemphani 10-20 khadi chitsanzo mtandandipo yesani khadi lililonse motsutsana ndi owerenga anu omwe adayikidwa ndi mapulogalamu a encoding.

 

Kunyalanyaza kutsirizika kwapakhadi kumabweretsa kulephera kwaubwino wosindikiza.Makhadi opanda zokutira amatulutsa zisindikizo zosadalirika. Kulakwitsa kumeneku kumakhala kofala kwambiri mukapeza makhadi anzeru opanda mawu opanda kanthu kuchokera kwa amkhalapakati omwe amakweza mtengo wa mayunitsi m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito pansi.

 

Kupeza kuchokera kwa oyimira popanda mawonekedwe a fakitale ndiye cholakwika chodula kwambiri, komanso chovuta kwambiri kuchizindikira.Kampani yamalonda ikakhala pakati panu ndi wopanga weniweni, mumataya mawonekedwe pakufufuza kwa chip. Chiwopsezo cha makadi a hotelo ya Quarkslab chimayang'anizana ndi kusawoneka bwino kwazinthu izi: magulu ogula zinthu adayitanitsa "MIFARE Classic" ndikulandila silikoni ya FM11RF08S kuchokera kwa wopanga wina, wokhala ndi chitseko chakumbuyo cha hardware analibe njira yodziwira poyang'ana kapena kuyesa koyambira. Izi sizowopsa. Ndizomwe zidalembedwa zachitetezo chachikulu kwambiri chachitetezo cha RFID m'zaka zaposachedwa.

 

Kuwunika Wopereka Makadi Anzeru Opanda Ntchito: Zomwe Mapepala a Mawu Sakuwonetsa

 

Makhadi aliwonse a RFID omwe amapereka amatchula mtengo wagawo, mtundu wa chip, ndi nthawi yotsogolera. Palibe amene amatchula chip-chitsimikiziro chotsimikizirika, kuyezetsa mphamvu ya bond lamination, kapena zomwe zimachitika ngati pulogalamu yanu yoyamba yosindikizira yalephera kutsimikizira ngati kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake. Zinthu zosawoneka zomwe zimasiyanitsa wopanga ndi wogulitsa, ndi chiyani chomwe chingadziwe ngati makhadi anu opanda kanthu okhala ndi tchipisi ta MIFARE ali ndi silicon ya NXP yomwe mudatchula.

 

 

Mafunso ochepa omwe amawulula kusiyana kwake: Kodi wogulitsa amagwiritsa ntchito zida zawo zoyika chip ndi zoyatsira, kapena kupanga zinthu zakunja kwa anthu ena osatchulidwa mayina? Kodi angapereke lipoti la mayeso a chip-pa batch iliyonse, kusonyeza wopanga IC weniweni ndi kusinthidwa komaliza, osati "MIFARE Classic compatible" yokha? Kodi amapereka makadi achitsanzo ojambulidwa kuti ayesedwe ndi owerenga anu, kapena zitsanzo zopanda kanthu zokha?

 

Ku Syntek, tidapanga njira yathu yotsimikizira molingana ndi zomwe tafotokozazi. Gulu la ochereza alendo ku Southeast Asia litabwera kwa ife atazindikira makadi omwe anali nawo omwe anali ndi FM11RF08 amwalira ngakhale kuti anali ndi invoyisi ngati MIFARE Classic, tinayendetsa{3}}zizindikiritso za IC zamagulu obwera, tinatsimikizira FM11RF08 kulowetsa m'malo mkati mwa maola 48 kuchokera pakupanga kakhadi koyesa koyamba, ndikusintha NXV3 khadi yonse ya mayeso a NXV3} ndikulowa m'malo mwa ESF3 mkati mwa milungu iwiri. Wothandizira wawo wam'mbuyomu anali kampani yogulitsa popanda kuwoneka pagulu lopanga chip. Zopanga zathu za{{11}zopanga nyumba, kuphatikizapo CNC lamination,{12}}zinsinsi zothamanga kwambiri, ndi 100% zotsimikizira pa makina a IC pa malo a 4,500 m², zilipo makamaka kuti tikatumiza makadi anzeru opanda kanthu olembedwa kuti DESFire EV3, silikoni yomwe ili mkati mwake imafanana ndi lebulo. Tapanga makadi a RFID kuyambira 2006, ndipo chifukwa chake timayika ndalama mu chip{19}}level QC ndikuti taona zomwe zimachitika ikasowa. Onani zonsechip khadi akusowekapo mzere mankhwalakuti muwone masinthidwe omwe alipo ndi chip family ndi form factor.

 

Chitsimikizo cha ISO 9001 ndichoyambira, osati chosiyanitsa; mafakitale ambiri amazigwira. Chizindikiro chomwe chili chofunika kwambiri ndi chakuti ngati ogulitsa atha kupanga chip-lipoti la mlingo woyeserera wosonyeza wopanga IC ndikuwunikanso kufa pagulu lililonse. Kupitilira apo, onetsetsani kuti ndinu wofunitsitsa kupereka mwayi wowerengera ndalama kufakitale, kutha kwa MOQ kusindikizidwa, ndi nthawi zotsogola za stock white stock ndi mabungwe osindikizidwa a makadi. Syntek imasunga maoda a zitsanzo otsika mpaka 100 ndikusintha kwamasiku 3-5, ndipo ndalama zachitsanzo zimatsatiridwa ndi kuyitanitsa kochuluka koyamba.

Mwakonzeka kutsimikizira kuti ndi chip chiti chomwe chikugwirizana ndi dongosolo lanu musanapange voliyumu?Funsani chitsanzo chaulerendi kuyesa motsutsana ndi owerenga anu omwe adayikidwa.