Kusankha Baji Yofikira ya RFID: Zosankha Pambuyo pa Chitetezo, Kugwirizana, ndi Mtengo Weniweni

Izi zalembedwa kuchokera kumbali ya benchi yomwe imapanga khadi, osati mapulogalamu omwe amawerenga. Pamadongosolo omwe timayendetsa, zisankho zitatu zomwezo (chitetezo cha chip, kufananiza mawonekedwe, ndi mtengo wamoyo) ndizomwe zimalekanitsa kutumiza komwe kumakhala koyera ndi komwe kumasandulika kusindikizanso.

 

"Card Badge," "Prox Card," "Credential Credential": Chinthu Chimodzi, Miyeso Yangozi Zitatu Zosiyana Kwambiri

 

Pitani kumalo khumi ndipo kakona kakang'ono ka pulasitiki komweko kumatchedwa mayina asanu. Munjira yolowera-yoyang'anira, baji ya khadi ndi ID khadi yokhala ndi chip RFID yophatikizidwa ndi mlongoti umagwira ntchito ziwiri nthawi imodzi: imawonetsa nkhope ndi dzina kwa munthu, ndipo imayankha wowerenga pakhomo. Baji ndi mtundu umodzi wokha womwe umboni ungatenge. Fobs, zikwama zam'manja, ndi zikwama zamafoni ndi zina, ndipo zenizeni{4}}zotumizidwa padziko lonse lapansi nthawi zambiri zimasakaniza ochepa mwa mfundo imodzi yofikira, momwe malo akulu amaphatikizira kale mapepala osindikizidwa ndi zingwe zopukutira.kulowa mowongolera pazipata zingapo.

Kugwirana Chanza Kumagawo Atatu-Kumbuyo Kulikonse

 

Kachitidwe kamene baji ya RFID imagwirira ntchito ndi yaifupi yokwanira kunena mu mpweya umodzi. Khadi limakhala ndi chip chokhala ndi chizindikiritso chapadera ndi mlongoti. Wowerenga pakhomo amatulutsa malo a wailesi; mlongoti wa khadi umapeza mphamvu zokwanira kudzutsa chip ndi kutumiza nambala yake; wowerenga amapatsira nambalayo kwa wowongolera, yemwe amawunika pamndandanda ndikusankha kumasula loko. Kusinthanitsa konseko kumatha bwino pansi pa sekondi imodzi, popanda kukhudzana ndi batire mu khadi.

 

Mtundu wa baji wa ID wopanda kulumikizanawu tsopano ndiwosakhazikika pazifukwa zoyezeka. Mu 2025, RFID ndi NFC pamodzi zinakhala ndi 57.75% ya mwayi wofikira-kuwongolera kulumikizana-kugawana zaukadaulo, patsogolo pa njira iliyonse yatsopano yopanda zingwe (Mordor Intelligence).

 

 

Funso Lachitetezo Ogula Ambiri Amalumpha Mpaka Pambuyo Kuphwanya

 

Nayi mfundo yakuti magulu ambiri ogula zinthu amafika mochedwa kwambiri: baji yotsika-kufupi ndi 125 kHz sikumateteza munthu kukopera. Imawulutsa nambala yokhazikika momveka bwino, ndipo nambalayo imatha kujambulidwa ndikulembedwanso pachopanda kanthu ndi chipangizo chomwe chimawononga ndalama zosakwana madola makumi awiri ndipo sichifunika luso logwira ntchito. Self-service kiosks in some retail cards tsopano ipanga ma prox card monga momwe sitolo ya hardware imadula makiyi (CampusIDNews).

 

Zomwe chiwonetsero cha cloning sichimawonetsa ndikumapeto. Pamene anakopera mwayi khadi kuperekedwa, dongosolo amawerenga umboni chomveka ndi mitengo kulowa pansi chofukizira chovomerezeka, kotero kafukufuku njira mwakachetechete amakhala zopeka ndi mwini khadi weniweni sangathe kutsimikizira kuti sanali pamene chipika akuti iwo anali. Chiwopsezo sichimakonda kukhala wakunja, mwina; Munthu amene ali ndi masekondi makumi atatu opeza khadi loyandikira losasungidwa nthawi zambiri amakhala wogwira ntchito, wocheperako, kapena kontrakitala. Kuwonekera kumbuyoku-ndi chifukwa chake sitidzatumiza zochulukira zosakonzedwa-zopanda ma serial-ku-kutulutsa mbiri pafayilo - khadi losafufuzidwa lomwe lawonjezeredwa ku makina amoyo limakhala kiyi yokhazikika yomwe palibe amene angayankhe izi zitachitika.

 

LF, HF, kapena Encrypted Smart Card: Fananizani Chip ndi Chiwopsezo, Osati Kabukuka

 

Pafupipafupi ndipamene masamba ambiri amayima ndipo zolakwika zambiri zogula zimayambira. Kuyerekeza moona mtima sikuli "kutsika ndi kukwezeka" koma "zomwe zimatsutsa kukopera ndi zomwe sizikutsutsa."

 

Bandi	Chidziwitso chodziwika bwino	Werengani mndandanda	Kukana kwa cloning	Kugwiritsa-koyenera
125 kHz (LF)	Khadi ya prox ya cholowa / fob	Kufikira ~ 10 cm	Otsika kwambiri - ID yokhazikika, palibe kubisa	Zitseko zamkati-zochepa; machitidwe a cholowa pa wotchi yosamuka
13.56 MHz (HF), MIFARE Classic	Baji yakale ya smart card	~ 1-10cm	Pansi - Crypto1 cipher yake yasweka	Pewani chilichonse chovuta; chitani ngati cholowa
13.56 MHz (HF), DESFire EV2/EV3 kapena SEOS	Baji ya smart card yosungidwa	~ 1-10cm	Kutsimikizika kwapamwamba - kwamakono	Zosasintha zaposachedwa zamabaji otetezedwa a ogwira ntchito
860–960 MHz (UHF)	Khadi-lotalikirapo / tagi yowonekera pazenera	Mpaka 10+ m	Zimasiyanasiyana ndi kukhazikitsa	Zipata zamagalimoto,{0}njira za anthu oyenda pansi ndi manja

 

Msampha mkati mwa tebulolo ndi mzere wachiwiri. Otsatsa ambiri amayankhabe kuti "kotetezeka?" ndi "inde, ndi 13.56 MHz," ngati kuti pafupipafupi ndiye chitetezo. Izo siziri. MIFARE Classic idasuntha khadi kuti ikhale yokwera kwambiri koma idatumiza cipher yomwe idakhalapo kale ndipo imakhala yotseguka ku makiyi othandiza{4}}kuchira (Black Hills Information Security). Chifukwa chake malingaliro oyenera kukhala nawo pakukambitsirana ndi osamveka: ngati wogulitsa agwira mawu a MIFARE Classic ndikuwufotokoza ngati kukweza kwachitetezo, ganizirani ngati yankho loletsa, osati kukambirana. Kutetezedwa masiku ano kumatanthauza mabanja anzeru otetezedwa-amakadi omwe ali ndi kutsimikizika kogwirizana, ndipo nyumba yomwe chip imakhala yofunika kwambiri, chifukwa mbiri yomwe imakhalapo kwa zaka zisanu za matumba ndi mabaji ndi omwezinthu zidasankhidwa kuti ziziwerengedwa komanso moyo wautali, osati mtengo wagawo.

 

Msampha Wogwirizana Umene Umapanga Makhadi Abwino Kwambiri

Mutha kugula baji yotetezedwa kwambiri ya RFID pamsika ndikulephera kutsegula chitseko mukafika. Uku ndiye kulephera komwe kumadabwitsa nthawi yoyamba-ndi kubwereza ogula mofanana, ndipo sizikukhudzana ndi chip. Zimakhudzana ndi momwe nambala ya khadi imapakidwira komanso manambala omwe owerenga adauzidwa kuti akhulupirire.

 

Malingaliro awiri amawononga kwambiri. Choyamba ndi chakuti mawonekedwe si nambala. Mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono a khadi amafotokoza momwe deta yake imayikidwira ndikuwerengedwa, ndipo kupyola muyeso wakale wa 26-bit pakhoza kukhala mitundu yambirimbiri yogawana utali wofanana, iliyonse ndikuyika nambala yachiphaso ndi nambala yamakhadi m'malo osiyanasiyana. Yachiwiri ndi nambala yachidziwitso yokha, chizindikiritso chogawana chomwe chimaphatikiza gulu la makadi. Owerenga ndi owongolera nthawi zambiri amasinthidwa kuti avomereze nambala imodzi ndendende, kotero kukonzanso mwaluso mwaukadaulo ndi khodi yolakwika sikungowoneka kudongosolo.

 

Momwe zimakhalira zimatengera komwe mukukhala:

 

Nkhani A

Mukamamanga-tsamba limodzi la greenfield, muli ndi mwayi wosankha mtundu umodzi ndi khodi imodzi ndikulemba zonse ziwiri. Chiwopsezo ndi chochepa bola wina alembe.

 

Scenario B

Pamalo ochuluka-kapena kutumizidwa kokulirapo, mtundu wa 26-bit wokhazikika umakhala wolakwa, chifukwa khodi yake ya 8-bit (0–255) ndi 16-bit khadi nambala (mpaka 65,535) imagwira malo ogwiritsira ntchito pafupifupi ma ID apadera okwana 16.7 miliyoni (pa SIA 26-bit cations Wiegand), pomaliza pake adzapereka ma code Wiegand pa malo amodzi ndi ma code omwewo. nambala. Magawo akuluakulu amafunikira mawonekedwe owonjezera omwe afotokozedweratu.

 

Nkhani C

Pokonzanso dongosolo lomwe lilipo, kusuntha kokhako kotetezeka ndikufananiza mawonekedwe enieni ndi kachidindo komwe kali kale m'munda, zomwe zikutanthauza kuzidziwa musanapemphe mtengo m'malo mozipeza makhadi osawerenga. Pali kusinthika komwe ambiri ogulitsa sangakweze paokha: ulalo pakati pa owerenga ndi owongolera. Mawaya amtundu wa Wiegand ndi njira imodzi-ndi yosadziwika bwino, kotero nambala ya baji yomwe ikuyenda pamzerewu itha kulumikizidwa ndi kuseweredwanso, nchifukwa chake ma installing atsopano akupita ku mulingo wa bidirectional OSDP. Palibe chomwe chili pakhadi, koma zonse zimasankha ngati khadi yomwe mudayitanitsa ikugwira ntchito.

 

Kodi Baji Yofikira Imawononga Chiyani Pamoyo Wake Wonse

 

Mtengo pa{{0}khadi lililonse ndi nambala yocheperako pachigamulocho. Mtengo weniweni wa chizindikiritso ndi mtengo wa unit kuphatikiza zonse zomwe zimachitika pambuyo pake: kutulutsanso makadi otayika ndi osweka, kuzimitsa omwe adachoka, komanso tsiku lokwera la nthawi zina pomwe-kusemphana kwamakhodi kumakakamiza kuyitanitsanso pang'ono ndi kupita kutsamba. Pulogalamu yomwe imawoneka yotchipa pamzere imatha kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zake zambiri pa churn, chifukwa chake chitsanzo chogwiritsidwa ntchitokuchuluka-mtengo-mwa-buku lamasewera la umwini pamapulogalamu a makadi a hoteloamalondola pakapalasa khadi pachaka osati zomata.

Ikani nambala pamtundu woyipa kwambiri wa churn chimenecho. 250-pamwambapa-akakanidwa chifukwa khodi yake sikugwirizana ndi zomwe owerenga amayembekezera, mtengo wofikira wa makadiwo umakwera kuwirikiza katatu kapena kasanu pa{4}}mtengo woyambira mukangowonjezera kusindikizanso, owerenganso{6}}ayikenso{6}}parametering, ndipo katswiri samawerenga chifukwa chake palibe. M'chidziwitso chathu kuti mtundu wowongolera mwayi wowongolera khadi sinthaninso magulu olephereka pafupifupi m'mapamwamba omwe amayikidwa popanda kutsimikizira mtundu womwe ulipo poyamba, ndichifukwa chake mtengo wotsika mtengo kwambiri komanso mtengo wotsikitsitsa wamoyo sizikhala zofanana.

Mapepala Okhazikika Oti Mukhazikike Musanalandire Mawu

 

Maoda ambiri osakwanira amabwerera ku mawu omwe amayankha mafunso ochepa kuposa momwe amayenera kukhala nawo. Musanayerekeze mitengo pa baji iliyonse yofikira ya RFID, lembani izi, chifukwa iliyonse imaluma ikasiyidwa yopanda kanthu.

 

Nenani izi	Chifukwa chiyani imaluma ngati mwalumpha
Chip banja ndi protocol	Kumatsimikizira chitetezo ndi kuyanjana kwa owerenga; "RFID" yokha si yeniyeni
Ma frequency bandi	LF, HF, kapena UHF iyenera kufanana ndi owerenga komanso mulingo wowopsa
Encryption gawo	Imasiyanitsa baji ya smart card yotetezedwa ndi yomwe mungathe kukopera
Mtundu wa Wiegand/OSDP ndi nambala ya malo	Chifukwa chimodzi chodziwika bwino makhadi oyitanitsanso amalephera kuwerenga
Zinthu zanyumba ndi kumaliza	Imayendetsa moyo wamunda komanso voliyumu yowonjezera
Kusindikiza ndi makonda	Chithunzi ID, logo, manambala, nkhonya kagawo ka baji reel
MOQ ndi nthawi yotsogolera	Imasankha ngati woyendetsa ndege komanso kutulutsa kocheperako ndizotheka
Chitsanzo ndi ndondomeko yoyesera	Zimakulolani kutsimikizira zowerengera pa owerenga anu musanapange

 

Pamaoda ambiri opitilira mayunitsi pafupifupi 500, lembani zolemba ndi khodi ya malo chitsanzocho chisanayambike, chifukwa -kutchulanso khadi la RFID lofikira pakati-ndiko kumapangitsa oda yanthawi zonse kukhala yosindikizanso. Wopereka katundu yemwe amatha kuyankhula ndi mzere uliwonse pamwambapa popanda kuyang'ana ndi munthu wina nthawi zambiri amakhala wogulitsa yemwe adakusamaliranipo kale, ndipo mndandandawo umasefa mwakachetechete ogulitsa omwe amangogulitsa masheya omalizidwa, chifukwa nthawi zambiri satha kuyankha mizere ndi makonda.

 

Chifukwa Chimene Chidziwitso Ndi Choyenera Kupeza Kuchokera ku Fakitale Yomwe Imapanga

Maupangiri osindikizidwa ambiri pamutuwu amalembedwa ndi mwayi-owongolera mapulogalamu ndi ogulitsa makina, ndichifukwa chake amafotokozera owerenga ndi ma dashboard mozama ndikuwona khadi lokha ngati longoganiziranso. Khadi imasiya kukhala yongoganiza pambuyo pomwe ndi chinthu chomwe chikulephera pakhomo.

 

Kupeza mbiri kuchokera kufakitale yomwe imamangirira chip ndikuwongolera mlongoti ndikomwe kumapangitsa kuyitanitsa kuti kuwerengedwe zaka ziwiri pambuyo pake. Chifukwa chomwe chimagwira chimakhala m'magawo omwe wogulitsa sawona: mlongoti uliwonse umakhala ndi ± 0.1 mm, kotero kuti -kuthamanga kwa voliyumu kumawerengedwa mofanana ndi chitsanzo chomwe mwavomereza; ma frequency a resonant and read-range pass/fail amawunikidwa pa 100% ya mayunitsi asanatumizidwe osati malo{5}}kutsatiridwa; mtundu wosindikiza umasungidwa ku ΔE <1, kotero kuyitanitsanso kumagwirizana ndi mabaji omwe ali kale pa lanyards; ndipo nkhani yoyamba imatumizidwa m'masiku 7-15 ogwira ntchito, kotero mawonekedwe ake amatsimikiziridwa ndi owerenga anu ntchito yonse isanathe.

 

Syntek yamanga tchipisi m'makhadi ofikira omaliza pansi pa denga limodzi kuyambira 2006, imakhala ndi ISO 9001 ndi CE, ndikutumiza zidziwitso ku Europe, North America, ndi Middle East, mtundu wa mbiri yomwe gulu logula lingathe kutsimikizira chitsanzo chimodzi chisanabwere.

 

Ngati mukuyang'ana kutulutsidwa kapena kusintha makina otengera cholowa, chotsatira choyera kwambiri ndichotitchulani ndi kuyitanitsa makadi ogwirizana ndi owerenga anu omwe alipom'malo mogula katundu wamba ndikuyembekeza kuti alembetsa. Funsani chitsanzo chaulere ndi kuwunika kwakanthawi kochepa koyamba; kuwerenga m'modzi mwa owerenga anu omwe ali ndi khadi lenileni amayankha kuposa chilichonse, ndipo kusintha kwachitsanzo kwa masiku 7-15 kumapangitsa kuti mayesowo akhale otsika mtengo.

 

Mafunso Wamba Okhudza Mabaji a RFID Access

Q: Kodi baji yapafupi ya 125 kHz ndi yokwanira kukhala ndi ofesi?

Yankho: Pa chilichonse chovuta kumva, palibe - makadi ocheperako{1}}otsika kwambiri{1}}amene alibe mawu obisika ndipo amatha kukopera ndi zida zotsika mtengo, zopezeka mofala, kotero makadi anzeru obisika a 13.56 MHz ndiwo maziko ake enieni.

Q: Kodi mabaji atsopano adzagwira ntchito ndi owerenga makadi omwe alipo kale?

A: Pokhapokha ngati ma frequency, mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono, ndi kachidindo kofanana ndi zomwe owerenga anu amayembekezera kale; kusagwirizana pa aliyense wa atatuwa ndi chifukwa chachizolowezi makhadi atsopano amalephera pofika.

Q: Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa RFID baji ndi ID khadi?

A: Nthawi zambiri palibe - baji yofikira ku RFID yomwe imakhala ndi chiphaso chophatikizika, chomwe chimakhala ngati chizindikiritso chowonekera komanso chizindikiro cholumikizira popanda kulumikizana pachidutswa chimodzi.

Q: Kodi baji imodzi imatha kupeza, kupezeka, ndi kuyang'anira alendo?

A: Inde; umboni umodzi ukhoza kuyendetsa chitseko, nthawi-ndi-kupezekapo, ndi kupita kwa mlendo kwakanthawi zikalumikizidwa ndi owerenga ogwirizana ndi mapulogalamu oyang'anira.