Kodi Zizindikiro Zochita za RFID Systems Ndi Chiyani?

Kodi Zizindikiro Zochita za RFID Systems Ndi Chiyani?

 

Zizindikiro Zogwira Ntchito za RFID Systems

 

Zizindikiro za kachitidwe ka makina a RFID owerengeka ndi olembedwa ndi monga momwe zimasungidwira tagi ya mawayilesi, momwe amagwirira ntchito, liwiro lotumizira deta, mtunda wowerengera/kulemba, kuthekera kozindikiritsa ma tag angapo, -mafupipafupi onyamulira mawayilesi pakati pa tagi yawayilesi ndi mlongoti, kulumikizidwa kwa pulogalamu ya RFID, chonyamula data, mawonekedwe a boma, ndi kupereka mphamvu. Kwa mabizinesi omwe akufunafuna njira zodalirika zofikira anthu ndi katundu{2}}kutsata njira zothetsera,RFID key fob suppliersndiopanga RFID keychain opangaamapereka ma tag olimba, apamwamba-antchito omwe amakwaniritsa-magiredi amakampani.

 

 

Kusungirako Ma Tag a Radio Frequency

 

Pali lamulo lofunikira pamakina otengera kukumbukira: mphamvu yosungira nthawi zonse imakhala yosakwanira. Kukulitsa mphamvu yosungiramo machitidwe mwachibadwa kumakulitsa gawo la ntchito, lomwe limafunanso mphamvu zambiri zosungirako. Kuchuluka kwa ma tag owerengera-ma radio frequency tag okha ndi 20B, ndipo ma tag omwe amagwira ntchito amakhala ndi mphamvu yosungira 8B mpaka 64KB, kutanthauza kuti m'ma tag owerengeka ndi olembedwa a wailesi, ndikwanira kusunga masamba angapo a mawu, okwanira kusunga mndandanda wazinthu ndi data yoyesa, ndi kulola kukulitsa makina. Kusungirako kwa ma tag owerengeka / kulemba mawayilesi ndi 48 mpaka 736B, okhala ndi mikhalidwe yambiri yomwe machitidwe ambiri owerengera / kulemba alibe. Muzofunsira zamabizinesi monga nyumba zamaofesi ndi malo oimika magalimoto,LF/HF RFID key fob suppliersperekani mtengo-zosankha zoyenera zokhala ndi ID yokwanira yawantchito, kupezeka kwa nthawi, ndi data yofikira pagalimoto.

 

Voliyumu ya data yama tag a wailesi nthawi zambiri imachokera ku ma byte angapo kupita ku masauzande angapo, koma pali chinthu chimodzi chokha: 1-bit tag ya ma radio frequency, yomwe imangofunika kusungirako data kamodzi kokha. Chizindikiro chamtunduwu chimathandiza owerenga kupanga ziganizo ziwiri zotsatirazi: pali ma frequency a radio mugawo la electromagnetic kapena palibe ma radio frequency tag mu gawo la electromagnetic. Chofunikira ichi ndi chokwanira mokwanira kuti tikwaniritse ntchito zowunikira kapena zotumizira ma sign. Popeza ma tag a 1-bit radio frequency safuna tchipisi tamagetsi, mtengo wa ma radio frequency tag ukhoza kukhala wotsika kwambiri. Pazifukwa izi, ma tag ambiri a 1-bit radio frequency amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'masitolo ogulitsa ndi mashopu ogulitsa zinthu zotsutsana ndi kuba. Pochoka m'sitolo ndi katundu wosalipidwa, wowerenga yemwe amaikidwa potuluka amatha kudziwa momwe mawailesi amayendera mugawo la electromagnetic ndikuyambitsa alamu yofanana. Pazinthu zomwe zalipiridwa moyenera, chizindikiro cha 1-bit radio frequency chimachotsedwa kapena kuyimitsidwa potuluka.

 

Mu machitidwe a RFID, pali zinthu ziwiri zosiyana zosungira deta. Pachiyambi choyamba, chizindikirocho chimatha kusunga deta yochepa kwambiri, ndipo chipangizo chamagetsi chofikira chimangowonjezera zina zofunika za chinthu chomwe chadziwika. Deta yamtunduwu imatchedwa siginecha yapadera (ma tag amagetsi okhala ndi mtundu uwu wa data ndi otsika mtengo kwambiri ndipo ali ndi ntchito zochepa). Kumbali ina, chizindikirocho chikhoza kusunga zambiri za deta, ndipo wowerenga akhoza kupeza mwachindunji kuchokera pa tag popanda kutchula deta yapakati. Mtundu uwu wa tag ndi wokwera mtengo koma uli ndi mapulogalamu ambiri. Mtundu uwu wa tag sikutanthauza mphamvu yapakati yokonza ngati siginecha yapadera ndipo imatenga nthawi yochepa kuti igwire ntchito. Mabizinesi ambiri tsopano amasankha125kHz/13.56MHz RFID key fob fakitale mayankho mwachindunjikulinganiza mtengo ndi magwiridwe antchito pakutumiza kwakukulu.

 

Ntchito Mode

 

Njira zodziwikiratu za mawayilesi amagawidwa mu-duplex and half-duplex systems and time{2}}sequencing systems. Mwathunthu-duplex ndi theka{5}}duplex systems, kuyankhidwa kwa tag ya ma radio frequency tag kumatumizidwa ngati wowerenga amatulutsa gawo la electromagnetic field kapena electromagnetic wave. Poyerekeza ndi chizindikiro cha owerenga palokha, chizindikiro cha ma frequency tag ndi ofooka kwambiri pa mlongoti wolandira, kotero njira zopatsirana zoyenera ziyenera kutengedwa kuti zisiyanitse chizindikiro cha ma frequency a wailesi ndi chizindikiro cha owerenga. Pakugwiritsa ntchito, ukadaulo wosinthira katundu kapena ukadaulo wa backscatter modulation nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza katundu kuchokera pa wailesi ya frequency tag kupita kwa owerenga, kukweza ma tag a ma radio frequency pa echo yomwe ikuwonetsedwa (makamaka pamakina amtundu wa ma radio frequency tag). Njira zodalirika zosinthira izi zimatengedwa kwambiri ndimakampani-opanga ma key fob a RFIDkuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito ikuyenda bwino-malo owongolera magalimoto.

Nthawi-yotsatana ndiyosiyana. Owerenga nthawi ndi nthawi amasokoneza gawo lamagetsi lopangidwa ndi mawayilesi kwakanthawi kochepa. Izi zimazindikiridwa ndi tag ya ma frequency a wailesi ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza katundu kuchokera pa tag ya ma frequency a wailesi kupita kwa owerenga. M'malo mwake, iyi ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito radar. Kuipa kwa nthawi-kachitidwe kakutsatirira ndikuti pamene wowerenga atumiza modukizadukiza, mphamvu yopereka mphamvu ya tagi ya mawayilesi imasokonekera, zomwe ziyenera kulipidwa poyika chowonjezera chokwanira chothandizira kapena batire lothandizira.

 

 

Kuthamanga kwa Data

 

Pazinthu zambiri zopezera deta, liwiro ndilofunika kwambiri. Pamene kupanga kwa zinthu zamakono kukucheperachepera, nthawi yofunikira kuti muwerenge ndikusintha ma tag a mawayilesi akufupikitsa. Makina a Microwave amatha kugwira ntchito mwachangu, koma zovuta zaukadaulo wa microwave palokha zimakulitsa mtengo womanga wa makina a microwave. Liwiro la kutumiza kwa data lagawidwa m'mitundu itatu: liwiro lowerenga{3}}liwiro lokha, liwiro longowerenga/lemba, komanso liwiro lowerenga/lemba. Kwa nyumba zamabizinesi zomwe zimafunikira kutsimikizika kwa ogwira ntchito mwachangu,mkulu-otsatsa makiyi a RFID othamanga kwambiriamapereka mayankho okhathamiritsa a 13.56MHz omwe amakwaniritsa-chidziwitso chaching'ono chachiwiri ngakhale nthawi yayitali kwambiri.

 

1) Werengani-kuthamanga kokha

Liwiro la nkhokwe ya makina owerengera a RFID-okha zimatengera zinthu monga kutalika kwa ma code, liwiro la kutumiza ma tag a wailesi, mtunda wowerengera/kulemba, ma frequency onyamula pakati pa tagi ya mawayilesi ndi mlongoti, komanso ukadaulo wosinthira ma data. Mtengo wotumizira umasiyanasiyana ndi mitundu yazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

2) Kuthamanga Kwambiri Kuwerenga / Kulemba

Zomwe zimatsimikizira za liwiro la kutumiza kwa data kwa makina a RFID ongowerenga/kulemba ndi ofanana ndi a makina owerengera-okha, kupatula kuti kuwonjezera pa kulingalira za kuwerenga kuchokera pa tagi ya mawayilesi, kulembanso data ku tag ya ma radio frequency kuyeneranso kuganiziridwa. Kuthamanga kwa kutumizira kumasiyana ndi mitundu yazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

3) Kuthamanga Kwambiri Kuwerenga / Kulemba

Zomwe zimatsimikizira za liwiro la kufalitsa kwa data pamachitidwe owerengera / kulemba RFID ndizofanana ndi zomwe zimangowerenga / kulemba RFID. Kusiyana kwake ndikuti machitidwe ongokhala amafunikira kulipiritsa capacitor pa tag ya ma radio frequency kuti alankhule. Chofunika ndichakuti liwiro la kachitidwe kochepera-kuwerenga/kulemba pafupipafupi kumangokhala 100B/s kapena 200B/s. Mwanjira imeneyi, popeza mazana a ma byte a data angafunikire kutumizidwa pamalo amodzi, nthawi yotumizira deta ingatenge masekondi angapo, zomwe zingakhale zazitali kuposa nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito makina onse.

Kaya deta ikhoza kulembedwa ku tag ya ma radio frequency ndi chinthu china chomwe chimasiyanitsa machitidwe ozindikiritsa ma radio frequency. Kwa machitidwe osavuta a ma radio frequency tag, ma data a radio frequency tag nthawi zambiri amakhala nambala yosavuta, yomwe imatha kuphatikizidwa panthawi yopanga chip ndipo sangasinthidwe ndi aliyense. Mosiyana ndi izi, ma tag olembedwa pawayilesi amafunikira wowerenga kapena chida chapadera cholembera kuti alembe deta.

Kulemba kwa data kwama tag a ma radio frequency nthawi zambiri kumagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: kulemba kosawerengeka komanso kulemba manambala. M'zitsanzo zamakono zamakina a njanji, ma tag a wailesi yamagalimoto onyamula katundu onse amatengera momwe amalembera.

 

Kuwerenga/Kulemba Kutalikirana

 

Kuwerenga / kulemba kwa machitidwe omwe alipo owerengera / kulemba ndi 2.54 mpaka 73.66 cm, ndipo mtunda wowerengera / kulemba wa machitidwe owerengera / kulemba pogwiritsa ntchito mafupipafupi a 13.56 MHz akhoza kufika 243.84 cm. Nthawi zambiri, m'mapulogalamu a RFID, kusankha mlongoti woyenerera kumatha kukwaniritsa zosowa za-zowerenga ndi kulemba patali.

Mtunda wowerengera/wolemba wa ma tag a mawayilesi amasiyana kwambiri. Pamitundu yonse ya ma tag, kukulitsa mtunda wofunikira, ma tag amakhala okwera mtengo. RFID yokhala ndi mtunda wa mamilimita angapo ikhoza kuikidwa mu matikiti a mapepala ndi ziphaso zapamwamba-zosanja mwachangu ndi kutsimikizira; koma kwa makampani opanga zinthu, mtunda wa 3 m kapena kupitilira apo nthawi zambiri umafunika, komanso kuthekera kozindikira ma tag ambiri mwachangu. Ntchito zina zimafunanso chizindikiritso pamtunda wamamita mazana angapo.

 

 

Zambiri-Zozindikiritsa Tag

 

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mtunda wozindikiritsa, pazogwiritsa ntchito, ndizotheka kuti ma tag angapo a wailesi awonekere m'dera nthawi imodzi, motero kuyika patsogolo kufunikira kowerengera ma tag angapo nthawi imodzi, zomwe zimasintha kukhala njira. Pakali pano, makina apamwamba ozindikiritsa mawayilesi amawona vuto ili-lokuzindikiritsa ma tag ambiri ngati gawo lofunikira pamakina.

Pokonzekera bwino ma tag ndi tinyanga tawayilesi, wowerenga atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerenga ndi kulemba ma tag angapo a wailesi. Mwachitsanzo, m'mapulogalamu a positi, ma tag a mawayilesi amayikidwa mkati mwa maenvulopu, ndiyeno masauzande amatumba a zilembo okhala ndi ma tag amasanjidwa. Chikwama cha makalata chikadutsa mumlongoti, deta imatha kuwerengedwa kuchokera kapena kulembedwa kuma tag onse a wailesi nthawi imodzi.

 

Mawayilesi Onyamula pafupipafupi Pakati pa Tag ya Radio Frequency ndi Mlongoti

 

Chinthu chinanso chofunikira cha pulogalamu yozindikiritsa mawayilesi ndi kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito komanso mtunda wowerengera. Mafupipafupi ogwiritsira ntchito amagwirizana kwambiri ndi mtunda wowerengera ndipo amatsimikiziridwa ndi kufalikira kwa mafunde a electromagnetic. Nthawi zambiri, ma frequency ogwiritsira ntchito ma radio frequency identity system amatanthauzidwa ngati ma frequency a radio frequency siginecha yomwe imatumizidwa ndi owerenga pozindikira chizindikirocho. Nthawi zambiri, amatchedwa owerenga kufala pafupipafupi (katundu kusinthasintha, backscatter). Mulimonsemo, mphamvu yotumizira ya ma radio frequency tag ndi yotsika kwambiri kuposa ya owerenga.

 

Posankha kachitidwe ka RFID, chofunikira kwambiri ndikuwunika pafupipafupi chonyamulira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza deta pakati pa tag ya ma radio frequency ndi mlongoti. Ma frequency otumizidwa ndi owerengera ma radio frequency identification system amagawidwa m'magulu anayi: ma frequency otsika (30 mpaka 300 kHz), ma frequency apamwamba (3 mpaka 30 MHz), ultra-high frequency (300 MHz), ndi microwave (pamwamba pa 2.5 GHz). Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa zochita, ma frequency ogwiritsira ntchito ma radio frequency identification system amasankhidwa mosiyanasiyana, ndi ma inductive coupling (0 mpaka 1 m) ndi{11}}makina atalitali (1 mpaka 10 m).

 

Kulumikizana kwa RFID Systems

 

Monga nthambi yamakina azidziwitso, RFID iyenera kuphatikizira matekinoloje omwe alipo komanso omwe akupanga. Chofunikira ndichakuti dongosolo la RFID litha kulumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi kompyuta yanu (Personal Computer, PC), controller logic controller (Programmable Logic Controller, PLC) kapena gawo la network network interface, potero kuchepetsa ndalama zoyika.

RFID imagwiritsa ntchito mawayilesi kuti izindikire kusinthana kwa data pakati pa chipangizo chosunthika ndi kompyuta kapena PLC. Dongosolo lanthawi zonse la RFID limaphatikizapo tag ya mawayilesi (ie, kusungidwa kwa data), mlongoti womwe umalumikizana ndi tag yawayilesi, ndi chowongolera chomwe chimayendetsa kulumikizana pakati pa mlongoti ndi PC (kapena PLC) (pamene mlongoti ndi wowongolera aphatikizidwa, amatchedwa owerenga).

 

Wonyamula Data

 

Pofuna kusunga deta, njira zitatu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri: zofufutika ndi magetsi zomwe zingatheke kuwerengedwa-only memory (EEPROM), ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), ndi static random access memory (SRAM). Makina ozindikiritsa ma frequency a wailesi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito magetsi otha kufufutika owerengeka-only memory (EEPROM). Komabe, kuipa kogwiritsa ntchito EEPROM ndikuti kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu panthawi yolemba ndipamwamba kwambiri, ndipo moyo wautumiki nthawi zambiri umalemba 100,000. Posachedwapa, opanga ena agwiritsanso ntchito ferroelectric random access memory (FRM). Poyerekeza ndi makumbukidwe otheka kufufutika ndi magetsi-okha, mphamvu yolemba ya ferroelectric random access memory ndi 1/100 ndipo nthawi yolemba ndi 1/1000. Komabe, kukumbukira kwachisawawa kwa ferroelectric sikunagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha njira zopanga zosakhwima.

Kwa makina a microwave, static random access memory (SRAM) ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito, ndipo kukumbukira kumalemba deta mofulumira kwambiri. Kuti musunge deta kwanthawizonse, batire lothandizira likufunika kuti magetsi asasokonezeke.

 

State Mode

 

Kwa ma tag a ma radio frequency osinthika, malingaliro amkati a chonyamulira deta akuyenera kuyang'anira kuwerenga ndi kulemba kwa owerenga ndi pempho la chilolezo chowerenga ndi kulemba. Muzosavuta, zitha kumalizidwa ndi makina a boma. Pogwiritsa ntchito makina a boma, njira zambiri zovuta zimatha kumaliza. Komabe, kuipa kwa makina a boma ndi kusowa kwa kusinthasintha kwa ntchito za pulogalamu yomaliza, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chip chatsopano chiyenera kupangidwa. Popeza kusintha kumeneku kumafuna kusinthidwa kwa dera pa chip, mtengo wa kusintha kwa mapangidwe ndipamwamba.

Kugwiritsa ntchito ma microprocessors kwasintha kwambiri izi. Pakupanga chip, nkhokwe yoyendetsera ntchito imaphatikizidwa mu microprocessor ngati chigoba chogwirizana, ndipo mtengo wosinthirawu ndiwotsika. Kuphatikiza apo, pali ma tag a ma radio frequency omwe amasunga data pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza ma tag owerengera-only surface acoustic wave radio frequency tag ndi ma 1-bit radio frequency tag omwe nthawi zambiri amatha kuyimitsidwa ndi kuyambiranso.

 

 

Kupereka Mphamvu

 

Chofunikira kwambiri pamakina ozindikiritsa ma radio frequency ndi mphamvu yamagetsi amtundu wa wailesi. Passive radio frequency tag alibe mphamvu zawozawo, kotero mphamvu yofunikira kuti igwiritse ntchito ma tag a frequency radio amayenera kupezedwa kuchokera kugawo lamagetsi lotulutsidwa ndi wowerenga. Mosiyana ndi izi, ma tag a ma radio frequency amakhala ndi mabatire omwe amapereka mphamvu zonse kapena gawo limodzi lamphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito microchip.