Kusankha Ma frequency Oyenera a RFID Keyfobs

Kusankha Ma frequency Oyenera a RFID Keyfobs

 

Marichi 2024, gulu la ofufuza zachitetezo adaponya bomba pamakampani amahotelo. Lennert Wouters wochokera ku KU Leuven ndi Ian Carroll adafalitsa zomwe amazitcha Unsaflok-zowopsa mu maloko a Dormakaba Saflok omwe amawalola kutsegula chitseko chilichonse muhotelo yokhala ndi makadi achinsinsi awiri abodza. Malo opitilira 3 miliyoni akiya. 131 mayiko. 13,000.

 

Womenya? Maloko amenewo anali atagulitsidwa kuyambira 1988.

 

WIRED adachiphimba. Momwemonso BleepingComputer, The Hacker News, ndi SecurityWeek. Dormakaba adathamangira ku makina opangira zigamba, koma pofika powululira mu Marichi 2024, 36% yokha ya maloko omwe adakhudzidwa adakonzedwa. Ena onse akadali kunja.

 

Kodi n'chiyani chinachititsa kuti kuukirako kutheke? Maloko ankagwiritsa ntchito tchipisi ta MIFARE Classic zogwiritsa ntchito Crypto{1}}1 encryption-a system cryptographers akhala akuchenjeza za kwa zaka zoposa khumi. Ofufuzawo adasweka ndi Flipper Zero. Mtengo wa zida: madola mazana angapo.

 

Izi ndi zomwe kusankha pafupipafupi kumatanthauza pakuwongolera mwayi.

 

 

Mphamvu ya 125 kHz

 

Nayi gawo losamasuka.

 

Low-Frequency RFID at 125 kHz ndiye ukadaulo wakale kwambiri womwe ukugwiritsidwabe ntchito kwambiri. EM4100, TK4100, HID ProxCard-mayina omwe amawonekera pamapepala paliponse kuyambira nyumba zogona mpaka kumasukulu amakampani.

 

Tchipisi izi zimachita chinthu chimodzi: kuwulutsa nambala yokhazikika ikafika pafupi ndi wowerenga. Palibe kugwirana chanza. Palibe yankho-lotsutsa. Palibe kubisa konse.

 

ICT, kampani yowongolera anthu ku New Zealand, idayika ziwonetsero mu 2023 ikuwonetsa gulu lawo likupanga khadi ya 125 kHz mumasekondi asanu ndi chipangizo cha $ 30. Kisi, wogulitsa wina wachitetezo, adasindikiza zolemba zosonyeza Flipper Zero amatha kukopera zidziwitso kudzera m'ma wallet ndi matumba mkati mwa sekondi imodzi. TikTok yadzaza ndi makanema. Izi sizongoyerekeza.

 

Ndiye n'chifukwa chiyani wina akutumizabe 125 kHz? Zomangamanga zambiri za cholowa. Nyumba yokhala ndi owerenga 500 ndi zidziwitso za 10,000 sizingathe kung'amba zonse usiku umodzi. Komanso mtengo-mitengo yambiri pa EM4100 keyfobs ingagulitse $0.15 pa unit kapena kutsika. Kwa malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena malo osungiramo momwe chiwopsezo ndi "wina angalowe mozemba," masamu amenewo amatha kukhala omveka.

 

Pachilichonse chokhala ndi zofunikira zenizeni zachitetezo, sizitero.

 

13.56 MHz si chitetezo chokha

 

Chochitika cha Unsaflok chikuwonetsa chifukwa chake "kukweza ma frequency apamwamba" si yankho lathunthu.

 

MIFARE Classic imayenda pa 13.56 MHz pansi pa ISO 14443. Ili ndi encryption. Ili ndi kutsimikizika. Ndipo idasokonekera, chifukwa Crypto-1 inali mwini wake komanso wofooka. Ofufuza omwe adathyola maloko a Dormakaba sanapeze chiwopsezo chatsopano - adagwiritsa ntchito zomwe gulu lachitetezo lidadziwa kuyambira 2008.

Chitsanzo apa: 13.56 MHz imakupatsani mwayi woti muzitha kubisa bwino, koma chip mkati chimafunika kwambiri kuposa mafupipafupi omwe amasindikizidwa pacholemba.

 

MIFARE DESFire yokhala ndi AES-128 imakhalabe yotetezeka pakuwukira kodziwika. NTAG tchipisi tosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Izi zakhazikika. MIFARE Classic sinatero.

 

 

Werengani mtunda ndi kusokoneza

 

Nthawi zina anthu amafunsa ngati ma keyfobs a 13.56 MHz amagwira ntchito pazovala monga momwe 125 kHz imachitira.

 

Yankho lalifupi: inde. Mafupipafupi onsewa amagwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana kwa inductive pamatali omwe amawongolera njira. Kutalika kumakhala pafupifupi 1-10 cm pazinthu zambiri zazikuluzikulu. Zinthu zachitsulo zomwe zili pafupi-mafoni, makiyi, zomangira lamba-zimatha kutulutsa mlongoti ndi kufuna kumenyanso kachiwiri. Palibe zochititsa chidwi.

 

UHF pa 860-960 MHz ndi sayansi yosiyana. Electromagnetic backscatter m'malo molumikizana ndi inductive. Werengani mizere ya mita zingapo. Zothandiza pazipata zoimikapo magalimoto kapena zosungiramo katundu, zovuta pazitseko zomwe mukufuna kuti chitsimikiziro chitsimikizire pokhapokha wogwiritsa ntchitoyo.

 

Kugawidwa kwafupipafupi kumagawanso magulu a UHF mosiyanasiyana pakati pa North America ndi Europe, zomwe zimasokoneza kutumiza mayiko.

 

Kusamuka popanda chisokonezo

 

Dual-ma frequency keyfobs alipo makamaka pakusintha kwapang'onopang'ono. Nyumba imodzi imakhala ndi tchipisi ta 125 kHz ndi 13.56 MHz. Owerenga cholowa amawona chimodzi, owerenga okweza amawona ena. Zizindikiro zimakhala ndi ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yonse yosinthana.

 

Cholepheretsa ndi mapangidwe a antenna. Tchipisi zonse zimayenera kuwerenga modalirika popanda kusokonezedwa. Sikuti fakitale iliyonse ya keyfob imakhala bwino. Tsimikizirani magwiridwe antchito musanapereke maoda a voliyumu.

 

Funso lenileni

 

Kusankha pafupipafupi ndi projekiti ya chisankho chosiyana: mumasamala bwanji ngati wina atengera mbiri?

 

• 125 kHz ilibe chitetezo. Aliyense amene ali ndi $ 30 ndi mphindi khumi za YouTube akhoza kupanga keyfob.
• 13.56 MHz yokhala ndi MIFARE Classic imawoneka yotetezeka koma sinali. Mahotela akadali akulimbana ndi kugwa.
• 13.56 MHz yokhala ndi DESFire kapena chofananira chake sichikugwira ntchito-paka pano.

- Ofufuza a Unsaflok

 

Zaka makumi atatu-zisanu ndi chimodzi za maloko osatetezeka. Ndiwo mtengo wopeza ma frequency ndi kusankha chip molakwika.